No abstract

Automobile tires are one of the generated wastes from the road transport. According to an EU directive after 2006, end-of-life tires are subject to controlled collection and storage by traders. Direct incineration is unacceptable due to high levels of hazardous emissions. In addition to the high rate of depletion of natural resources, and in line with the “sustainable development” model, it is appropriate to create new advanced technologies for the proper utilization of natural resources through the reuse of end-of-life products. The pyrolysis technology of decomposition of raw materials is an innovative technology for production of fuels and metals from the disposal tires. This technology shows a reduced risk to public health and reduced levels of harmful substances in flue gases, has low operating costs and does not require separate waste collection. This paper focuses on the structural features of the pyrolysis installation for used automobile tires recycling. The installation has been implemented into production and has a capacity of 1 ton of end-of-life tires per hour. The result is 400 kg of liquid fuel, 400 kg of carbon and 100 kg of metal waste per hour.

The work is devoted to the creation of a test bench for a gear pump with options for adjusting the parameters: operating fluid temperature, engine speed, pump load. An experimental study of the effect of hydraulic oil temperature on the characteristics of a gear pump has been made. An analytical dependence is proposed to determine the characteristic of a gear pump with regard to the temperature and pressure of the hydraulic oil.

A methodology for quickly and easy determination the quality of pellets offered on the market is developed on the basis of "theory of graphs". The pellet quality assessment is performed in two ways - by direct control (non-destructive measurements) and by combustion. The following pellets parameters are determined at the direct control stage: friability, homogeneity, presence of dark stains and moisture content. The experimental measurement of following parameters of the combustion process is carried out at the stage of pellet burning assessment under real conditions: temperature in the combustion chamber, time for complete combustion of the pellets and the amount of ash after pellets combustion. The calorific value of the tested pellets is determined on the basis of the experimentally obtained parameters of the combustion process. The the obtained parameters values are statistically processed according to the described in the paper equations at the next stage. Then the results for the investigated pellet parameters are compared with the normative values. The proposed methodology could be calibrated by experimental determining the calorific value of investigated pellets by a calorimeter. Practical application of this methodology is that by not so complicated measurements and calculations the required amount of pellets for heating a building with a certain energy consumption for heating season could be determined.