Introduction. The practical operation of modern PVC windows in the climate of the Russian Federation has proven that due to thermally induced deformations of window elements cold air enters premises and window frames freeze. Presently, there is no engineering method for calculating the temperature deformations of windows, that takes account of the key features of their structure: the composite structure of window sections, the rigidity of insulating glass units, fittings, etc. An important task is to develop a method for calculating temperature deformations of PVC window elements, that takes account of nonlinear temperature distribution over their cross-sections. Materials and methods. A three-dimensional finite element model of a standard PVC window was developed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, and its temperature field was calculated. The analysis of the calculation results allowed to identify the nature of the temperature distribution over the cross sections of PVC window profiles and propose a method for their analytical calculation. Using the basic equations of solid mechanics and methods of mathematical analysis, the bending of PVC window elements was described on the basis of their actual temperature fields. Results. The obtained equations were tested by comparing the results of the manual calculation with the results of the finite element modeling. Conclusions. The obtained equations, describing temperature deformations of individual window elements, serve as the starting point for an integrated method of calculating the structural behavior of PVC windows under thermal loading. The further development of the presented method will encompass the analysis of the influence of the reinforcing core on the structural behavior of PVC elements and the exploration of the structural behavior of the entire window structure.
Introduction. The study of the influence of window deformations on their performance characteristics is an urgent task. This problem is related to the issues of window elements static operation under the combined action of wind and temperature loads. It is proposed to use the capabilities of modern finite element modeling programs to analyze the window static operation. One of the problems is the modeling of an elastic window gaskets. Materials and methods. Computation of a gasket structural behavior in the direct formulation is associated with significant computational costs. In this article it is proposed a simplified method which allows taking into account the gasket mechanical work when creating window fine element model in the COMSOL Multiphysics software. For this purpose, the dependence of the gasket reaction force on the degree of its compression was obtained; this dependence was used to create a special boundary condition that imitates the force transfer from one window element to another through the gasket. Results. Two test computations were carried out with the same loads and grip conditions: in one, the gasket was modeled directly, in the other, it was replaced by the boundary condition described above. The results showed good agreement between the computations, moreover the second one needed much less time. Conclusions. Scientific foundations of window design should be based on modern research methods including computer modeling. Creating a computer model of the window static operation will allow us to consider in detail its deformed state and operational characteristics under various boundary conditions. The method proposed in this article for modeling the gasket structural behavior will be useful in achieving this aim.
Cold-formed steel framing is gaining ground in Russia. Now it’s making attempts to adopt curtain wall panels with cold-formed slotted steel members in residential building. In view of cold Russian climate, a problem of mitigation of the cold bridge effect created by the steel have appeared. It’s proposed to improve steel members’ thermal performance by choice a new web holes shape. Stud models with different web holes configuration were investigated by means of fine element analysis in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Their thermal and load-carrying performance was compared with a standard slotted stud. Two promising pilot models were chosen for further experimental research. An experiment to compare heat conduction capacity of these pilot models and a standard slotted stud was carried out in the Laboratory of glass and facade constructions. The results of this experiment are presented in this article.
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