The concept of working students meeting triple demands of their work, studies and private life has not been sufficiently described or empirically supported in the literature, although combining work and study is not only a necessity for many students, but a common phenomenon among them. As well, studies so far focused on the dyads of work-nonwork relationship, predominantly on the work-study conflict/balance and rarely on the study-life conflict/balance, while the triad of work-study-life balance (WSLB) is understudied. This study is the first one to empirically examine the WSLB concept, defined as a balance of conjoining three ‘categories of student commitment’ – their work obligations, demands of their studies and their private life, using a methodology grounded in the work-life balance (WLB) theory. We conducted a cross-sectional quantitative study on a sample of 235 students, focused on the most relevant dyads of the WSLB concept, socio-demographic predictors and emotional consequences of WSLB. Our five key findings are: (1) it is possible to balance work, studies and private life, (2) work-study balance (WSB) is critical for achieving WSLB, (3) all subgroups of students based on their socio-demographic characteristics are equally (un)successful in achieving balance between and among various life aspects, (4) WSLB is significantly participating in students’ emotional state in terms of their happiness, unhappiness and relaxation, and (5) the study-life balance (SLB) dyad is the most relevant dyad for the students’ emotional state.
Background The potential benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in colon cancer is under evaluation. There is a need to improve preoperative non-invasive diagnostics using techniques that provide more accurate staging information in assessing patient eligibility for NAC. Purpose To investigate the link between the tumor grade (pathohistological confirmed) and the N status (corresponding to lymph node involvement) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Material and Methods A total of 17 patients planned for surgical resection had a biopsy confirming colon carcinoma and participated in the study. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging/ADC sequence was recorded before surgery. The tumor and all visible lymph nodes were manually delineated directly on a grayscale ADC map for every single slice and detected to access the total tumor and summarized lymph node volume. The mean ADC value was further calculated for the mean tumor and mean lymph node values. Results Low-grade tumors had a mean ADC equivalent to 1225 ± 170×10−6 mm2/s, and the coefficient of high-grade tumors was 1444 ± 69×10−6 mm2/s. The group of patients with positive lymph nodes in operative tissue samples (N+) exhibited lower mean ADC values (1023 ± 142×10−6 mm2/s) as opposed to the group without metastatic lymph nodes (N–) with ADC values of 1260 ± 231×10−6 mm2/s. Conclusion The mean whole-tumor ADC is associated with the histological tumor grade, and the mean ADC value of whole-volume abdominal lymph nodes could assume real nodal infiltration.
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