The current study investigated the long‐term effects of institutionalization on the inhibitory control of young adults raised in orphanages using the color‐word Stroop task. We examined whether young adults raised in institutions (IC group; n = 24; M = 22.17 years, SD = 6.7) would demonstrate poorer behavioral performance and atypical neural response to incongruent stimuli compared to their peers raised in biological families (Biological Family Care, BFC group; n = 28; M = 22.25 years, SD = 4.9). Accuracy analysis revealed that all participants were less accurate in the incongruent condition, however, no group differences were found. Reaction time analysis showed that the institutional care (IC) group was overall slower than the BFC. No significant differences in neural response to stimuli incongruence were identified. The absence of group differences in the interference condition can be explained by the low complexity of the Stroop task in the current study. The IC group showed a reduced P3 event‐related potential component on both the congruent and incongruent trials. Findings suggest general attention difficulties in this population, rather than inhibitory control deficits.
Difficulties in language development are common hallmarks of different neuro-developmental disorders. Early diagnosis is a crucial factor for proper early interventions and better prognosis. Currently, there is a severe shortage of standardized instruments for assessing potential language disorders in Russia. To address this gap, we analyzed the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Preschool Language Scale, 5th edition (RPLS-5). The sample consisted of 473 children aged 3 to 96 months (Mean=32.64, SD=19.79), including 224 typically developing (TD) children and 240 at-risk (AR) children. To assess the reliability of the Russian version of the PLS-5, we used both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). The results indicated the high reliability of the RPLS-5 based on both types of analyses. According to the results of IRT analysis, the difficulty of items ranged from very easy to very difficult, and with few exceptions, the difficulty parameters consistently increased for each subsequent item, reflecting the hierarchical organization of the test. The discrimination parameters ranged from high to perfect. In general, IRT demonstrated that the RPLS-5 is reliable for low-to-high levels of language abilities.
We investigated neural correlates of traumatic experience related to the lack of family care in adults with a history of institutionalization (IC) using the Emotional Stroop paradigm. The goals of our study were twofold: we investigated whether adults with IC history (n = 24; Mage = 22.17, SD = 6.7) demonstrate atypical processing of emotionally salient words in general, and whether they exhibit selective processing bias toward family related words compared to adults raised in biological families (BFC; n = 28; Mage = 22.25, SD = 4.9). Results demonstrated significant differences in accuracy but not response times between groups on the behavioral level, indicating that the IC group was overall less accurate in identifying the color of the font. Contrary to our prediction, there were no significant differences between neural response to family related versus unrelated words in the IC and BFC groups. The absence of group differences can be explained by the selection of stimuli, which were associated with family rather than institutional history. The IC group showed a larger N280‐380 component in response to negative words compared to the BFC group, and larger negativity in the right parietal area in response to positive words in the same time window. Results demonstrate that institutional history is marked by altered emotional processing in the subpopulation of institutional care‐leavers, but the footprint is not specific to traumatic experience and extends from general sensitivity to emotional words.
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