Also, she is currently collaborating with the School of Engineering at the University Andres Bello at Santiago, Chile. Angeles holds a bachelor degree in Physics Engineering from Tecnologico de Monterrey and a doctoral degree in Mathematics Education from Syracuse University, NY. Dr. Dominguez is a member of the Researchers' National System in Mexico (SNI-1) and has been a visiting researcher at Syracuse University, at UT-Austin and at Universidad Andres Bello. She teaches undergraduate courses in Mathematics, graduate courses in Education, and is a thesis advisor on the master and doctoral programs on education at the Tecnologico de Monterrey. Her main research areas are: models and modeling, use of technology to improve teaching and learning, gender issues in STEM education.
Este estudio presenta la construcción y validación (análisis de confiabilidad y validez) de un instrumento de medición de la percepción sobre la interdisciplinariedad para estudiantes universitarios. Se contó con la participación de 279 estudiantes de diversos programas académicos y cursando alguna materia de segundo año de educación superior. El instrumento consiste en trece reactivos evaluados en escala Likert (coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach=0.704), clasificados en tres dimensiones relativas a la percepción de competencias para la interdisciplinariedad (mostrando correlación de Pearson moderada para cada dimensión). Este trabajo aporta un test validado para medir la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de cualquier campo disciplinar sobre la integración del conocimiento en su experiencia educativa. El uso de este instrumento provee argumentos sobre la relevancia del enfoque interdisciplinario en la formación universitaria.
in tertiary education enrolled in engineering, manufacturing, and construction programs is between 6% and 7% between 2015-2018; in contrast, the percentage of male students choosing these careers is around 20-21%.This study aims to analyse the perception of undergraduate and graduate students of STEM studies to identify the support and barriers that influenced their career decision-making, focusing on the socio-cultural context, and the support and barriers perception of women in the university context during Abstract-The gender gap is a problem that occurs in different forms in regions and countries around the world. It is a goal of large international organisations, governments, companies and other entities. Although it is not a new issue, it is important to continue studying it and seek mechanisms and strategies to attract and maintain more women in these areas. In particular, in the field of education and employment, the STEM areas present large gender gaps whose reduction would not only impact the equality of men and women but would also have an impact on the economy of the countries and on improving the economic situation of women. In this context, there are initiatives in Latin America working on this issue, but it is necessary to look more deeply into the elements that influence the decision to study careers in these areas. In this context, two focus groups have been held as roundtables with STEM women from different Latin American and European countries, to answer a series of questions centred on their motivations and decisions before and during their university studies. The results obtained have provided some inputs for defining gender equality action plans in ten Higher Education Institutions from Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Mexico. Furthermore, the results show similarities with previous studies involving STEM women with different Latin American profiles. Keywords-gender gap, women students, STEM, qualitative analysis, engineer, mathematician. I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, the gender gap in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) is a challenge. According to the UNESCO Sustainability Development Goals (SDG), organisations and governments worldwide have plans to reduce the gender gap, not only in STEM but also in all the societies' areas, according to the UNESCO Sustainability Development Goals (SDG). This is not only a problem that affects women; it is crucial for the future of society. According to the World Economic Forum, the forthcoming future is characterised by the transformation of the industries favouring technological skills. The new technologies will merge the physical, digital, and biological worlds, impacting all disciplines and economies. STEM careers will have a crucial role in this transformation. However, women are underrepresented in those areas. According to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, the mean percentage of female students
Mathematics and physics concepts have been closely interrelated since their formal beginnings in ancient times. Moreover, from a wide variety of perspectives, it is possible to identify that the understanding of physics progressed as more complex mathematical ideas became available. In pedagogical practice, there are many instances where the teaching of one of these disciplines might obstruct the understanding of the other; this problem, combined with the difficulty of teaching them inside or outside a classroom, produces a ripe opportunity for educative improvement. After a significant experience of teaching an integrated physics-math course for freshmen undergraduate students, a number of inconsistencies were identified and previously reported. One of those inconsistencies is a trap rooted in language, and it creates worrying cognitive conflicts that interfere with students' learning. Specifically, the use by teachers of different names for the same concepts or ideas (perhaps because they look to relate specific concepts to everyday language) might be helping misconceptions to prevail. In this work, the authors focused on the analysis of terms like mass, force, and torque. To do this, they analyzed various research sources and texts to identify the roots of different names for similar concepts and their uses, and they considered the consequences of differing terminology and meaning to the construction of complex thinking. Raising awareness about the inconsistencies of terminology in mathematics and physics and the resulting consequences is the primary objective of this study. This work was motivated by an authentic concern to facilitate the learning and comprehension of these subjects by students. Accordingly, the authors issue a call for action for a transformation in the teaching and learning of physics and mathematics through reflection on better use of terminology in these fields, so that the terms are negotiated between the disciplines, which results in precise descriptions of what is being taught, free of inconsistencies, confusion, and conflict.
Las estrellas Cefeidas han sido de gran relevancia para la determinación de distancias tanto en la Galaxia como a escala cosmológica. Debido a que, hasta el momento, la mayor parte de las Cefeidas cercanas observadas se encuentran en la vecindad solar, se juzga pertinente un estudio probabilístico sobre su distribución, no solo en la vecindad solar sino también en toda la Vía Láctea, pues deben estar jugando un papel importante para mantener la estructura de nuestra Galaxia. Partiendo de 187 Cefeidas observadas en la Vía Láctea, se presenta una función de densidad de probabilidad normal que sirvió para elaborar un modelo en tres dimensiones que permite encontrar la zona de más alta concentración de Cefeidas y de paso, con ella, predecir la existencia de Cefeidas en zonas ceranas a toda la Galaxia. Asimismo, se da a conocer una segunda distribución de probabilidad, normal también, pero en la vecindad del eje galáctico, a fin de elaborar otro modelo que permita predecir la existencia de estrellas Cefeidas dentro de la Vía Láctea y en la vecindad del Sol.Descriptores: Cefeidas; Vía Láctea; probabilidad; función de densidad de probabilidad; distribución normal de probabilidad.The Cepheid stars have been very relevant for the determination of distances both in the Galaxy and also at cosmological scale. Because, so far, most of the nearby observed Cepheids are in the solar neighborhood, a probabilistic study about their distribution in the solar neighborhood and in the whole Milky Way is pertinent, since they must be playing an important role for keeping the structure of our Galaxy. Starting from the in the Milky Way already 187 observed Cepheids, a normal probability density function for their distribution in the Galaxy is presented, which is used to carry out a model which allows to find the high concentration zone of Cepheids and, in turn, with it, to predict the existence of Cepheids in the neighborhood of the Galaxy. A second model has been done, in order to prognosticate the existence of Cepheids within the Milky Way and in the neigborhood of the Sun.
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