In this research, a composite of ZrO2-TiO2 was used as a photocatalyst in the degradation of dye wastewater. The dye waste water is a single Methylene Blue, MB, waste water from Batik industry. The ZrO2 was prepared from zircon sand founded from Bangka Island, Indonesia. The composite was prepared at various weight ratios and heat treated at 500 o C. The result shows that the purity of ZrO2 from zircon sand is only 66.46 %. However, the addition of ZrO2 into TiO2 is able to increase the photocatalytic activity which proven by 88.75 % degradation of MB at a ZrO2-TiO2 weight ratio of 1:1. The degradation result is higher than that with anatase TiO2; that is only 62.67 %. The kinetics study found that the photocatalytic degradation of MB with single TiO2 has the rate constant of 1.85×10 -2 minutes -1 . Meanwhile, the rate constant of the MB degradation with the composite ZrO2-TiO2 is 16.73×10 -2 minutes -1 .
A research on caustic fusion method of zircon concentrate has been conducted with applied single and double steps of leaching and filtration. The aims of research are to produce zirconia, ZrO 2 , with high purity, to study its crystal structure and cell parameters and also comparing the results of single, ZrO 2 (1), and double steps, ZrO 2 (2). The results show that ZrO 2 was successfully synthesized from high concentrate zircon, HG zircon. The ZrO 2 was crystallized in tetragonal structure and space group of P42/NMC. The Fourier Plots of electron density of ZrO 2 (1) and ZrO 2 (2) at x, y and z axis show similar patterns. It indicates that the zirconia which was prepared by single and double steps leaching and filtration are the ZrO 2 with similar structure. Few dissimilar on the electron density patterns are founded in x and z axis. It probably caused by the higher sodium oxide and silicon dioxide contents in ZrO 2 (2). as it were confirmed by X-Ray Fluorescence analysis. The existence of impurities may affect the electron density near ions in a unit crystal. This research found that double step leaching and filtration method does not enhance the efficiency on zirconia recovery it even allows high content of sodium and silicone ions in ZrOCl 2 filtrate. The ZrO 2 concentration in single step powder is 72.07 % and its 70.99 % in double steps powder.
Doping yttrium ions, Y 3+ into ZrO2 produced Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia, YSZ. Various amount of yttrium ions could provide different ionic conductivity. This research investigated electrical conductivity of various YSZ composition, i.e., 4.5; 8.0 and 10% mol yttrium in ZrO2. The ZrO2 powder used was synthesized from zircon sand, a side product of tin mining plant, Bangka Island, Indonesia. Structural investigation on the prepared YSZ found that yttrium ion doping has changed the crystal structure of ZrO2 from monoclinic to cubic, even though the monoclinic and tetragonal are also still exist. The Y 3+ doping changed the cell parameter of ZrO2 crystal. It indicates that the Y 3+ entered into the ZrO2 structure and produced vacancy sites. The highest ionic conductivity is provided by 8% mol Yttrium doping or 8YSZ, i.e., 2.74×10 -4 S.cm -1 at 700 o C with an activation energy of 0.741 eV.
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