OBJECTIVES: The global prevalence of preterm labor is approximately 11.1% of live births. However, preterm labor contributes to 75-80% of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The morbidity experienced by preterm infants may continue to influence their subsequent development, imposing physical, psychological, and economic burdens. Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a causal factor that may affect preterm birth. Previous studies have shown an association between PROM and preterm labor, but this association should be investigated in more diverse populations. Therefore, this study was conducted in Cilegon, Indonesia to determine the magnitude of the risk of preterm labor associated with PROM at Cilegon Hospital from July 2014 to December 2015. METHODS: This case-control study used data from patients' medical records. The cases were all mothers who delivered at less than 37 weeks of gestation, while the control population comprised all mothers who delivered at greater or equal to 37 weeks. The data were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: The bivariate analysis yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 2.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.92 to 4.59) before controlling for covariates. The model derived through multiple regression analysis after controlling for education, history of preterm labor, and anemia resulted in an OR of 2.58 (95% CI, 1.68 to 3.98).
Abstrak Latar Belakang: Persalinan prematur merupakan salah satu tantangan penting yang menghambat penurunan angka kematian neonatal sejalan dengan target Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs) 2030. Pada tahun 2015, sekitar 1 juta bayi di seluruh dunia meninggal karena komplikasi persalinan prematur. Indonesia sendiri menempati posisi ke-9 di dunia dengan angka kejadian persalinan prematur sebesar 15,5 bayi per 100 kelahiran hidup. Morbiditas bayi prematur berpengaruh secara fisik hingga tahap perkembangan selanjutnya dan menjadi beban psikologis dan finansial bagi bayi, ibu dan keluarga. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berhubungan dengan persalinan prematur adalah karakteristik sosial demografi yang meliputi usia ibu, latar belakang pendidikan ibu, dan status pekerjaan ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik sosio-demografis dengan kejadian persalinan prematur di RSUD Cilegon. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah studi kasus-kontrol dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis RSUD Cilegon periode Januari 2015 sampai Juni 2016. Sampel kasus dipilih secara total sampling, sedangkan sampel kontrol dipilih secara simple random sampling dan mencocokkan jumlah sampel kontrol berdasarkan jumlah kasus per sampel per bulan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square, menilai odds ratio dan interval kepercayaan. Hasil: Analisis bivariat menghasilkan OR 1,44 (95% CI: 0,68-3,03) dengan p-value 0,34 pada ibu usia > 35 tahun, OR 1,76 (95% CI: 0,68-4,55) dengan p-value 0,24 pada ibu hamil wanita berlatar belakang pendidikan SD/sederajat, dan OR sebesar 0,72 (95% CI: 0,30 -1,72) dengan p-value 0,42 pada wanita hamil yang bekerja. Kesimpulan: Karakteristik sosiodemografi tidak berhubungan dengan persalinan prematur. Kata kunci: Persalinan prematur, Karakteristik sosio-demografi, Studi kasus-kontrol, Cilegon Abstract Background: The premature delivery is one of crucial challenges which hinders the reduction neonatal mortality aligned with the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target. In 2015, around 1 million babies worldwide died due to complications of premature labor. Indonesia itself occupies the 9th position in the world with the incidence of premature birth of 15.5 babies per 100 live births. Morbidity of premature babies affects physically until the next stage of development and becomes a psychological and financial burden for the baby, mother and family. One of factors thought to be associated with prematur birth is socio-demographic characteristics which includes maternal age, educational background of mother, and working status of mother. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and premature delivery at RSUD Cilegon. Methods: The research design was a case-control study using secondary data from the medical records of RSUD Cilegon for the period January 2015 to June 2016. The case sample was selected by total sampling, while the control sample was selected by simple random sampling and matched the number of control samples based on the number of cases per sample by month. The analytical method was bivariate analysis with the chi-square test, assessing odds ratios and confidence intervals. Result: The bivariate analysis yielded OR of 1.44 (95% CI: 0.68-3.03) with p-value 0.34 in maternal age > 35 years old, OR of 1.76 (95% CI: 0.68 -4.55) with p-value 0.24 in pregnant women who was elementary school/equivalent for educational background, and OR of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.30 -1.72) with p-value 0.42 in pregnant women who was working. Conclusion: Sociodemographic characteristics were not associated with premature delivery. Keywords: Premature delivery, Socio-demographic characteristics, Case-control studies, Cilegon
Background. Sinonasal inverted (PI) papilloma is a benign tumor of the mucosal epithelium of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with an endophytic growth pattern. PI is more common in men in the fifth and sixth decades of life. These tumors have local aggressive behavior, high recurrence rates, and can undergo malignant transformation. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy developed from sinonasal PI. SSC developed from PI (KSS/PI) is related to exposure in the work environment. Methods. We report a sinonasal SCC/PI case by describing the clinical manifestations, radiological features, and histopathological features of a young male patient who was a non"‘smoker mirror"‘making factory worker. Results. Clinical manifestations of pain, epistaxis, and proptosis in patients suggest malignancy. Computed Tomography (CT) results showed lesions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with bone destruction and expansion of the mass to the intracranial point of the aggressive behavior of the tumor. Microscopic histopathological examination revealed endophytic squamous epithelial growth characteristic of an inverted papilloma accompanied by cell atypia, invasive components, connective tissue desmoplasia, and keratin pearls, suggesting a well"‘differentiated keratinized squamous cell carcinoma that developed from the sinonasal inverted papilloma. Exposure to dust in the work environment is related to malignancy in this patient. Conclusion. Support of clinical and radiological data, adequate sampling, and identification of malignancy morphology routinely on histopathological examination is critical to avoid misdiagnosis of sinonasal SCC/PI. A complete history directed at extracting risk factors can add value in establishing a diagnosis.
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