In many developing countries, despite the efforts made to roll out New Public Management, public service quality is still more of an ideal than a reality. Employee disengagement emerges time and again in reflections on the causes of the problem, without, in most contexts, having any precise explanations. The article sets out to identify the engagement drivers likely to secure the effective involvement of public officials tasked with providing the public administrative service. To do this, an empirical study is conducted in Cameroon. The analysis makes use of both statistical inference and content analysis. Its results tell us that the involvement of public officials is linked, in particular, to work organisation, human resources management practices and the recognition of their potential by their superiors. Points for practitioners This study identifies some major current issues. For anyone involved in human resources management, work involvement is a competitive tool that creates value. It is considered as one of the general objectives that staff management practices should help to achieve. A high-quality public service requires particular attention to be granted to work involvement. The study reveals many employee engagement drivers that can boost the performance of public administrations, particularly in developing countries.
Après plusieurs décennies d'expériences d'intégration régionale en Afrique, le bilan du modèle linéaire d'intégration adopté par les Communautés Economiques Régionales est mitigé. Ce processus d'intégration orchestré par le haut c'est-à-dire par les règles et les institutions ne permet pas d'optimiser les résultats de l'intégration en matière de développement économique. Face à cette faible performance, un autre modèle d'intégration parallèle allait s'imposer: l'intégration par le bas c'est-à-dire par les peuples; laquelle se réalise en marge des institutions grâce à la volonté manifeste des groupes sociaux qui sortent des cadres réglementaires pour développer des réseaux marchands transfrontaliers. L'informalité devient une alternative capable d'engendrer un développement inclusif et dont sa formalisation peut contribuer à la transformation structurelle de l'Afrique. L'objectif de cet article est de susciter la réflexion sur le rôle que peut jouer l'informalité dans le processus de l'intégration en Afrique. Partant du principe d'individualisme méthodologique, nous montrons que l'informalité constitue un vecteur de développement local et d'intégration par le bas en Afrique. Les Etats doivent procéder à une refondation de l'intégration en Afrique et faire du secteur informel un véritable partenaire de la politique de développement et d'intégration en Afrique.
Background
African countries face serious challenges from infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis due to the weak health systems and the poor infrastructure. Over the last decades, they are undergoing a demographic transition leading to increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes which their health systems are ill equipped to handle. The prevalence of these chronic diseases is increasing becoming the main cause of mortality in the Africa region. To inform health system responses to these changing patterns of disease, we aimed to assess the effects of health capital investments on chronic diseases mortality in Africa.
Methods
We use a pooling data covering 40 countries from 2005 to 2021. A system Generalized Method of Moments is adopted as the estimation technique of dynamic panel model.
Results
The results suggest that health capital investment has a positive effect on chronic diseases mortality reduction in pooling data, independently of gender considerations. Furthermore, rising health capital investments is associated with greater chronic disease mortality rates in low-income countries and reduces in middle/high-income countries. In addition, chronic diseases mortality also depend on urbanization, unemployment, and alcohol and tobacco consumption.
Conclusions
Findings from this study suggest several main policy orientations, especially policies that aim to increase spending efficiency. The main challenge here is to reconcile current health needs, human resources planning, and available resources.
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