The primary objective of this study was to establish data on mastitis in Awassi Sheep in Al-Balqa Province of Jordan. Milk samples were collected from 260 lactating ewes that selected randomly from eight flocks. California Mastitis Test (CMT) gave result with 220 milk samples; 122 samples (55.5%) showed positive CMT. Infection with some bacterial species was associated with positive CMT. About 26% of the ewes revealed clinical signs of mastitis. The highest percentage of bacterial count, which range from 3×10 2 to <3.0 10 3 cfu mL −1 was founded in the milk samples. The most predominant bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp. and Coagulase negative Staphylococci. Sensitivity tests were applied to different isolated strains., Gentamycim, Ampicillin and Tetracycline were the most effective antimicrobial agents against the bacterial isolates.
A novel alternative oxidase (AOX1) gene, designated HsAOX1 (GenBank accession number JF440341) was cloned by RT-PCR from wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). The full length of HsAOX1 is 1115 bp with an open reading frame of 987 bp, encoding a protein of 328 amino acids with molecular weight of 36.89 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.81. As found in other plant AOX1 proteins, sequence alignment showed that HsAOX1 had conserved metal binding and hydrophobic α-helix regions and had high homology to other AOX1 in plants. The expression analysis by semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that HsAOX1 was induced in response to cold stress, H2O2 treatment, SA, antimycin A and KCN. These results showed that HsAOX1 functions not only during inhibition of cytochrome electron transport but also during oxidative stresses, thus suggesting a role of HsAOX1 in preventing the generation of free radicals by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The cloning and characterization of the HsAOX1 gene will be useful for further studies of biological roles of HsAOX1 in plants.
Reuse of non-traditional water (brackish water) in agriculture will reduce the cost of disposal. On the other hand, the use of brackish water may cause environmental pollution to the soil, groundwater and plants after being discharged to the soil. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effect of reusing filter station water on the growth and yield of thyme plants during three growing seasons, 2014-2016. Three types of irrigation water were used in the current study: fresh tap water (T1), mixed water (T2) and brackish water (T3), with total dissolved solids (TDS) of 500, 1500 and 2500 ppm, respectively. Number of lateral leaves, plant height (cm) and fresh and dry weights (g m‾ 2) were recorded. In addition, the percentage of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) in the leaves was determined. Results showed that plant parameters as well as yield were affected by mixed and brackish water. In addition, the chemical composition of leaves was affected significantly by the treatments.
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