This experimental work is looking at the properties of photovoltaic/thermal (PV-T) system, which had designed to increase the output power of the PV panel for the climate of Zarqa, Jordan. Operating temperature of the PV module has a significant impact on the performance of the PV module. However, most of the radiation energy absorbed by the PV panel is converted into heat, which is normally lost and provides no value. In order to decrease the operating temperature of the PV panel, a water cooling system with a control system had designed. Experimentally, when the PV module was operating under active water-cooling condition using the backside cooling technique, the temperature dropped significantly, which led to an increase in the electrical efficiency of solar cells by 6.86%.
This paper investigates the performance of parallel-connected amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells based on the separation of the shunting effects of individual cells under different illumination intensities, . The cells are arranged in photovoltaic (PV) modules to meet the desired electrical requirements. According to traditional methods of determining the shunt resistance of each cell, one has to remove the lamination over the PV modules, resulting in a probable damage of the physical connections between the cells. Therefore, to solve such a problem, we make use of the illumination-intensity dependence of the shunt resistance of a-Si:H solar cells. The purpose of this study is to determine the shunt resistance of any cell in the PV module even without accessing the electrical contacts of the corresponding cell, and consequently, we non-destructively identify any shunted (low quality) cell in the PV module.
NomenclatureR pT,0 total measured shunt resistance of the PV module when all the cells are fully illuminated ( = 0 ) R pT,n total measured shunt resistance of the PV module when only cell n is partially illuminated ( < 0 ) while the rest of cells are fully illuminated R pn,0 shunt resistance (to be estimated) of cell n when it is fully illuminated ( = 0 ) R pn shunt resistance (to be estimated) of cell n when it is partially illuminated ( < 0 )
This paper analyzes the energy yield of photovoltaic (PV) modules mounted on fixed tilt, one-axis, and two-axis tracking system towards maximizing the annual energy production. The performance evaluation of the proposed design of the tracking systems is carried via simulating the global radiation averages using METEONORM software and depicting the simulation results in figures using MATLAB software. The one-axis system is simulated by either fixing the azimuth angle while optimizing the inclination angles or fixing the inclination angle while optimizing the azimuth angles; simulation results show an increase in energy yield of 5.87% and 20.12% compared to that of fixed tilt system, respectively. In the two-axis system, optimization of both azimuth and inclination angles is carried out simultaneously which resulted in 30.82% improvement in energy yield. Therefore, 30% improvement in energy yield is directly reflected as saving in PV system cost due to reduction of the PV modules surface area.
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