While there is no single agreed understanding of the key terminology, social integration, social inclusion, social cohesion and social participation, the following definitions are used in this publication. Social Integration Social integration is understood as a dynamic and principled process of promoting the values, relations and institutions that enable all people to participate in social, economic, cultural and political life on the basis of equality of rights, equity and dignity. It is the process in which societies engage in order to foster societies that are stable, safe and just-societies that are based on the promotion and protection of all human rights, as well as respect for and value of dignity of each individual, diversity, pluralism, tolerance, non-discrimination, non-violence, equality of opportunity, solidarity, security, and participation of all people, including disadvantaged and vulnerable groups and persons. Social Inclusion For Part I of the publication, social inclusion is understood as a process by which efforts are made to ensure equal opportunities for all, regardless of their background, so that they can achieve their full potential in life. It is a multi-dimensional process aimed at creating conditions which enable full and active participation of every member of the society in all aspects of life, including civic, social, economic, and political activities, as well as participation in decisionmaking processes. In Part II of the publication, social inclusion is understood as the process by which societies combat poverty and social exclusion Social Exclusion Social exclusion is understood as the condition (barriers and process) that impede social inclusion. Social exclusion is a process through which individuals or groups are wholly or partially excluded from fully participating in all aspects of life of the society, in which they live, on the grounds of their social identities, such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture or language, and/or physical, economic, social disadvantages. Social exclusion may mean the lack of voice, lack of recognition, or lack of capacity for active participation. It may also mean exclusion from decent work, assets, land, opportunities, access to social services and/or political representation. Social Cohesion Social cohesion refers to the elements that bring and hold people together in society. In a socially cohesive society all individuals and groups have a sense of belonging, participation, inclusion, recognition and legitimacy. Social cohesive societies are not necessarily demographically homogenous. Rather, by respecting diversity, they harness the potential residing in their societal diversity (in terms of ideas, opinions, skills, etc.). Therefore, they are less prone to slip into destructive patterns of tension and conflict when different interests collide. Social Participation Social participation is understood as the act of engaging in society's activities. It refers to the possibility to influence decisions and have access to decision-making proces...
Cet article s’inscrit dans le programme de recherche sur la conceptualisation de l’accès porté par l’équipe interdisciplinaire « Participation sociale et ville inclusive » du Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS). Il présente une réflexion critique du concept d’accessibilité universelle dans le but d’en clarifier les composantes et de permettre de le situer dans un horizon utopique. Les concepts apparentés de conception universelle, de conception pour tous, de conception contributive et d’accès inclusif sont clarifiés et mis à profit afin de proposer leur articulation au sein d’un processus de planification itératif. Celui-ci intègre quatre dimensions objectives de l’accès, la considération de l’adaptabilité potentielle comme composante de l’accessibilité, l’accommodement spécifique individuel et la dimension subjective de l’utilisabilité applicables à tout projet de conception inclusive. Cette réflexion, appuyée sur une revue de littérature, a été réalisée selon une méthodologie participative qualitative avec des chercheurs de l’équipe, des étudiants et des partenaires cliniques et communautaires dans le champ du handicap. Elle répond aux attentes exprimées par des partenaires communautaires, cliniques et municipaux de l’équipe de recherche. Elle valorise l’ajout des dimensions sociales et subjectives de l’accès à celle de la conformité aux normes. Elle ouvre vers une harmonisation des travaux de transformation des obstacles physiques et sociaux en facilitateurs de la participation sociale des personnes ayant des incapacités, et contribue à l’évaluation de leur impact.
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