Objective: The objective of the current work is to examine the protective effects of S-methyl methionine sulfonium chloride (MMSC) on brain in galactosamine (GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods:A total of twenty two female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups as follows: Group I (n=5), intact control animals; Group II (n=6), animals that received 50 mg/kg/day of MMSC by gavage technique for 3 consecutive days; Group III (n=5), animals injected with a single dose of 500 mg/kg of GalN intraperitoneally (i.p.); and Group IV (n=6) are animals injected with the same dose of GalN (i.p.) 1 hour after MMSC treatment. At the end of the experiments (after 6 hours of the last GalN treatment), all animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia, and brain tissues were dissected out. Results:A statistically remarkable increase in lipid peroxidation, hydroxyproline, and nitric oxide levels, was detected while a notable decline in the activities of sodium/potassium ATPase was observed in GalN group in comparison with control rats. In contrast, all alterations observed were reversed when MMSC was given to GalN groups. Conclusion:Consequently, it may be considered that MMSC has a protective role on brain in GalN-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Objective: Valproic acid (2-propyl valeric acid; VPA) is an effective short-chained fatty acid which is used for the treatment of migraine and schizophrenia. Though it provides effective treatment, its side effects are associated with free radicals and in this way it affects many organs and tissues. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is known to be a powerful antioxidant. Material and Methods: The aim of this current study was to investigate the protection of ALA on VPA induced lens injury. Female rats were split into four groups as follows: 1 st group, control animals (corn oil per day for 15 days); 2 nd group, ALA administered group (50 mg per kg each day for 15 days); 3 rd group, VPA administered group (500 mg per kg each day for 15 days) and 4 th group, VPA and ALA administered group to which the same dose was given at the same time each day. On the 16 th day, lens tissues were taken.Results: Lens glutathione levels and glutathione-S-transferase activities were decreased while lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were elevated after VPA administration. ALA reversed these levels and activities in the VPA group. Conclusion:We can conclude that ALA used its antioxidant property and ameliorated VPA induced lens injury.
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