Lack of routine surveillance in countries endemic for bovine tuberculosis (tB) and limited laboratory support contributes to the inability to differentiate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species, leading to an underestimated burden of the disease. Here, Whole-Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium bovis isolated from tissues with TB-like lesions obtained from cattle and buffalos at Marajó Island, Brazil, demonstrates that recent transmission of M. bovis is ongoing at distinct sites. Moreover, the M. bovis epidemiology in this setting is herein found to be dominated by an endemic and unique clade composed of strains evolved from a common ancestor that are now genetically differentiated from other M. bovis clades. Additionally, envisioning a rapid strain differentiation and tracing across multiple settings, 28 globally validated strain-specific SNPs were identified, three of which considered as robust markers for the M. bovis Marajó strain. In conclusion, this study contributes with data regarding the identification of a novel M. bovis phylogenetic clade responsible for ongoing transmission events in both cattle and buffalo species in Brazil, provides a framework to investigate the dissemination of this highly prevalent strain and, holds the potential to inform TB control strategies that may help to prevent the spread of bovine and zoonotic TB. Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide important infectious disease in humans and other animals resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) pathogens 1,2. Among these, Mycobacterium bovis is the main etiological agent of bovine TB (bTB) in herds and is associated with a decreased livestock productivity due to early disposal of animals of high zootechnical value with subsequent economic impact 3. The impact of bTB and M. bovis is not only restricted to economic aspects of livestock production. Although the economic losses can ascend to, e.g., US$18 200 in a single region as reported for Makurdi in Nigeria

No abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the influence tramadol on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats. Methods: Ten rats were divided into two groups (n = 5). All animals were submitted by a laminectomy and spinal cord injury at eighth thoracic vertebra. In control group, the rats didn't receive any analgesic. In tramadol group, the rats received tramadol 4mg/Kg at 12/12h until 5 days by subcutaneous. Animals were following by fourteen days. Was evaluated the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scale (locomotor evaluation) and Rat Grimace Scale (pain evaluation) at four periods. Results: There no difference between the groups in locomotor evaluation in all periods evaluated (p>0.05) and in both groups there was a partial recover of function. The tramadol group show a lower pain levels at the first, third and seventh postoperatively days when comparing to the control group. Conclusion: The tramadol as an analgesic agent don't influence on functional recovery of acute spinal cord injury in rats

No abstract

Purpose Pseudomonas aeruginosa appears as the main pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) involved in recurrent pneumonia and pulmonary exacerbations. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is one of its main determinants of virulence and is associated with poor clinical progression and increased mortality. This study determined the relationship of clinical features of patients with CF and P. aeruginosa T3SS virulotypes. Materials and Methods From January 2018 to March 2019, P. aeruginosa were isolated from sputum and/or oropharyngeal swabs. T3SS markers ( exoS, exoU, exoT and exoY ) were detected by PCR. Clinical severity according to Shwachman-Kulckycki score and spirometry data were associated with T3SS virulotypes. Results A total of 49 patients had positive cultures for P. aeruginosa . T3SS virulence-related markers were detected as follows: exoS 97.9% (n=48), exoU 63.2% (n=31), exoT 95.9% (n=47) and exoY 97.9% (n=48). The prevalence of exoS + /exoU + virulotype was higher than previously reported in CF settings, being detected in 61.2% of the evaluated isolates, present in 70% of intermittent infections and with a significantly higher frequency in cases of exacerbations. The presence of exoU in chronic infection was not associated with poor clinical results. In chronic infections, the exoS + /exoU − virulotype prevailed (77.8%) and was associated to worse clinical results according to the Shwachman-Kulckycki score and spirometric. Conclusion Our findings revealed a high prevalence of the atypical exoS + /exoU + virulotype among P. aeruginosa isolates from patients with CF, which was associated with intermittent infection and early clinical alterations, while the exoS + /exoU − virulotype was associated with chronic infection and worse clinical results. Finally, the presented data highlight the relevance of T3SS virulence markers in the clinical progression and disease severity in CF patients.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing different types of infections, particularly in intensive care unit patients. Characteristics that favor its persistence artificial environments are related to its high adaptability, wide arsenal of virulence factors and resistance to several antimicrobial classes. Among the several virulence determinants, T3SS stands as the most important due to the clinical impact of exoS and exoU genes in patient's outcome. The molecular characterization of P. aeruginosa isolates helps in the comprehension of transmission dynamics and enhance knowledge of virulence and resistance roles in infection process. In the present study, we investigated virulence and resistance properties and the genetic background of P. aeruginosa isolated from ICUs patients at a referral hospital in Brazilian Amazon. A total of 54 P. aeruginosa isolates were characterized by detecting 19 virulence-related genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular detection of β-lactamase-encoding genes and genotyping by MLST and rep-PCR. Our findings showed high prevalence of virulence-related markers, where 53.7% of the isolates presented at least 17 genes among the 19 investigated (P = 0.01). The rare exoS + /exoU + cytotoxic virulotype was detected in 55.6% of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed percentages of antibiotic resistance above 50% to carbapenems, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones associated to MDR/XDR isolates. Isolates harboring both bla SPM-1 and bla OXA genes were also detected. Genotyping methods demonstrated a wide genetic diversity of strains spread among the different intensive care units, circulation of international MDR/XDR high-risk clones (ST111, ST235, ST244 and ST277) and emergence of seven novel MLST lineages. Finally, our findings highlight the circulation of strains with high virulence potential and resistance to antimicrobials and may be useful on comprehension of pathogenicity process,

Background Rotavirus antigenemia and RNAemia (the presence of rotavirus RNA in serum) have been commonly identified among paediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis. In this study we examined the association between rotavirus antigenemia and clinical features, and sought to determine the genotypes of rotaviruses detected in paired stool and serum samples. Methods Paired stool and serum samples were obtained from children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Brazil, between June 2012 and June 2015. The 20-point Vesikari scoring system was used to assess the disease severity upon a retrospective medical record review. Stool and serum samples were primarily screened for the presence of rotavirus antigen using a commercial ELISA assay. The rotavirus isolates from stool and serum samples were genotyped by using the classical reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or through nucleotide sequencing of VP4 and VP7 genes. Viral load was estimated using real-time RT-PCR. Results In total rotavirus antigen was detected in 109 (24.2%) stool samples from 451 children, whereas antigenemia occurred in 38.5% (42/109) of these patients. We demonstrated that patients positive for rotavirus RNA in paired stool and serum samples were more likely to have a higher frequency of vomiting episodes in a 24-h period ( p = 0.0035). Our findings also suggested that children not vaccinated against rotavirus are more likely to develop antigenemia, as compared to those given at least one vaccine dose ( p = 0.0151). G12P [8] and G2P [4] genotypes were predominant throughout the study period, accounting for 52.3% (57/109) and 27.5% (30/109) of the typed isolates, respectively. Ten stool-serum pairs could be typed for VP4 and VP7 genes. Seven of these pairs showed concordant results with G2P [4] genotype being detected in stool and serum samples, whereas discrepancies between genotypes (G2P [4]/G2P[NT] and G12P [8]/G2P[NT]) were seen in three pairs. Conclusions Rotavirus antigenemia and RNAemia occur in a significant number of children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Brazil, and may contribute to a greater disease severity, particularly translated into a greater number of vomiting episodes. This study documented a high concordance of genotypes detected in a subgroup of paired stool and serum samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1535-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A residência médica (RM) é um curso de pós-graduação cujo ensino se baseia principalmente na prática voltada a determinada especialidade. Ao decidir se especializar, o acadêmico de Medicina precisa entender como funciona o processo de seleção, o número de vagas, as fases, a necessidade de se matricular em um curso preparatório para residência, quais as especialidades de cada serviço, seus pontos negativos e positivos, entre outros aspectos. Dessa forma, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar o conhecimento de alunos de Medicina do Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA) sobre a residência médica, as principais fontes de informação a respeito do assunto e as lacunas nesse conhecimento. Foi realizado um estudo observacional do tipo transversal, exploratório, de caráter descritivo e analítico, com uso de um questionário próprio, com 259 acadêmicos do curso de Medicina do CESU-PA. Observou-se que 99,6% dos participantes desejam cursar residência médica, tendo a maioria se declarado com baixo e médio conhecimento sobre o tema (49% e 42%, respectivamente). Mais de 60% já realizaram algum tipo de pesquisa sobre o assunto, sendo a internet a fonte de informações mais utilizada. Foi identificado que apenas 6,6% dos participantes sabem corretamente o número de fases obrigatórias do processo seletivo e 89,6% acham necessária a realização de curso preparatório. Conclui-se que ainda existem lacunas no conhecimento dos acadêmicos de Medicina a respeito dos programas de residência médica, devendo este assunto ser mais explorado no meio acadêmico mediante intervenções que possam ampliar os horizontes dos alunos, deixando-os mais aptos e críticos no momento de decidir onde irão fazer a residência médica e como irão se preparar para ela. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EDUCAÇÃO MÉDICA 43 (1) : 32 -38 ; 2019 33 Nicole Maués Flexa Oliveira et al. http://dx. ABSTRACT Medical residency (MR) is a postgraduate course in which learning is based mainly on practicefocused on a particular medical specialty. Once the medical student decides to become a specialist, it is important to understand how the selection process works, the number of vacancies available, the steps they need to go through, whether they need to enroll in a preparatory course for the residency, which specialties exist in each service, and the negative and positive aspects of each one, among other inherent aspects. This study aims to identify the knowledge of MR among medical students of the Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), the main sources of information available on the subject, and their gaps in this knowledge. An observational cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive,analytical study was carried out with 259 students of the Cesupa medical school. It was observed that 99.6% of the participants hoped to enroll in a medical residency, with the majority stating that they have low and medium knowledge about the subject (49% and 42% respectively). More than 60%had already done some research on the topic, the Internet being the most used source of informati...