Morphological variability of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) in Mali.Abstract -Introduction. Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a typical agricultural landscape tree in semi-arid areas of Africa. It is a tree used daily by the local population. The diversity of its services and products suggests an assessment of its morphological variability to achieve a better understanding of its potential. This article seeks to identify morphological descriptors of baobab in relation to the agro-ecological diversity of Mali. Materials and methods. Eight provenances distributed over the whole geographical distribution area in Mali were evaluated for foliar, fruit and seed traits. The coefficient of variation was used to evaluate the variation. The data was analyzed by variance analysis and multivariate analysis. Results. Significant variability was observed according to the provenance, and the foliar, fruit and seed descriptors. The discriminating morphological descriptors for baobab in Mali are the fruit length and width, the fruit peduncle length, the leaf length and width, and the number of lobes. Mali / Adansonia digitata / fruits / leaves / site factors / production locationVariabilité morphologique du baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) au Mali.Résumé -Introduction. Le baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) est un arbre caracté-ristique du paysage agricole dans les zones semi-arides d'Afrique. Il est utilisé quotidiennement par la population locale africaine. La diversité des services et des produits du baobab suggère d'effectuer une évaluation de sa variabilité morphologique afin d'avoir une meilleure connaissance de son potentiel. Notre article a cherché à identifier des descripteurs morphologiques discriminants chez le baobab en relation avec la diversité agro-écologique du Mali. Matériel et méthodes. Notre évaluation a concerné huit provenances de baobab reparties sur l'ensemble de son aire de distribution géographique au Mali. Elle a porté sur les caractères foliaires, fruitiers et sur ceux liés aux graines. Le coefficient de variation a été utilisé pour évaluer la variabilité. Les données ont été analysées par analyse de variance et analyse multi-variée. Résultats. Une importante variabilité a été observée selon les provenances et les descripteurs utilisés. Les descripteurs morphologiques discriminants pour les baobabs que nous avons échantillonnés ont été la longueur et la largeur des fruits, la longueur du pédoncule des fruits, la longueur, la largeur et le nombre de lobes des feuilles.Mali / Adansonia digitata / fruits / feuille / facteur lié au site / localisation des productions 1 Inst. Econ. Rural., BP 16, Sikasso, Mali, amadoumkouyate@yahoo.fr
The present work was launched to assess the floristic composition and structure of the native forest food species in order to tackle malnutrition. It was carried out in four natural forest from villages in two agro-ecological zones (two villages per agro-ecological zone) in southern Mali. In each natural forest, data were collected in 10 plots of 50 x 50 m using sampling systematic to one degree. In each plot, all tree were measured. Dendrometric data were collected on each tree (diameter at breast height or d.b.h and total stem height). In each plot, the total number of seedlings (diameter at breast height < 3 cm) was carried out within five 25 m² plots using sampling systematic to two degrees. The inventories were recorded 89 native forest species belonging to 73 genera and 30 botanical families. Native edible species were represented 34.83% of the overall inventoried species. Significant differences were observed between natural forest for average density per hectare, average height and average basal area. The high density was observed in Badogo (71 trees.ha -1 ), while the less in Sorobasso (24 trees.ha -1 ) which present the high regeneration rate (2.88%). The analysis of population diameter structures for Saba senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, Lophira lanceolata, Parkia biglobosa and Borassus aethiopum showed variable trends. Domestication and vegetative propagation strategies of the species are needed to ensure the availability of the resource to combat malnutrition.
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