This paper is a qualitative case study designed to identify prospective science teachers mathematical-logical structures on the basis of their knowledge and achievement levels in magnetism. The study also made an attempt to reveal the effects of knowledge-level variables and procedural variables, which were considered to be potential factors, on the teachers knowledge and achievement levels. The participants knowledge level was represented by the APS score (knowledge-level variable), whereas their achievement level was expressed by the ASS score (achievement level). The prospective teachers knowledge and achievement levels in mathematical logic were 0.204 and 0.305, respectively. The knowledge-level variables were given-asked, formula, and operation. On the other hand, the procedural variables consisted of formula knowledge, basic math knowledge, and scientific knowledge. The latter group of variables had the following values, respectively: 0.336, 0.758, and 0.199. The findings indicated that basic math knowledge led the participants to have an achievement level higher than their knowledge level. The other variables had values similar to those of the knowledge and achievement levels.
One of the most common problems in construction projects is delay. Delays lead to loss of time and an increase in cost, which causes great damage to firms and the economies of countries. In previous studies, many researchers have attempted to identify the factors causing the delay by carrying out questionnaire surveys and interviews. However, there are very few studies that have compared the data obtained by these models with actual project data and suggested an estimation model that can determine the possible delay time for future projects. This study aimed to propose precisely such a model for public construction projects based on multivariate analysis. Obtained results show that the set-up non-linear model with selected attributes had satisfactory prediction results.
<p>The importance of the Keops pyramid in terms of size and mass, has led to the proposal of three theories as to its modes of construction. The first theory argues that elephants and soldiers were employed for this work, which suggests considerable application of muscle power. The second states that the quarried stone blocks were transported to the pyramid construction site using elephants on a weight-bearing mechanism. The third suggests that stone blocks carried to the pyramid, were first uplifted with brute force, following which they were carried to the top, using the principle of buoyancy of water, through a system of graded pools. Theories suggested for the construction of this pyramid, can be applied to that of other pyramids. This paper analyses the construction of pyramids in terms of issues related to the quarry, stages of transport of stones from the quarry to the pyramid site and the final construction stage. Based on the theories explained in this study, the time period for the construction of the pyramid will be calculated, using expected values derived from the four different pool systems.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Boyut ve kütle değerleriyle Keops Piramidi ön plana çıktığından, büyük piramitlerin inşası, bu piramit için geliştirilen üç teoriyle açıklanacaktır. Bu teorilerden birincisi, piramit inşasında kas gücünü zorlayan işlerde fil ve askerler çalıştırılabilir. İkincisi, ocaktan kesilen taş bloklar, ağırlık aktarmalı düzenekte filler kullanılarak, piramide taşınabilir. Sonuncusu, piramide taşınarak getirilen taş bloklar, kas gücünün üst sınırları zorlandığı noktaya kadar çıkarılıp, sonrasında basamaklı havuzlarda sıvının kaldırma kuvvetinden yararlanılarak üst noktaya kadar taşınıp piramit inşa edilmiş olabilir. Bu piramidin inşası için geliştirilen teoriler diğer piramitlerin inşası içinde kullanılabilir. Piramitlerin inşası; taş blokların alındığı ocak, taş blokları ocaktan piramide taşıma ve piramidin inşaat aşaması olarak üçe ayırıp, iki aşaması incelenecektir. Bu çalışmada ocak aşaması incelenmeyecektir. Burada verilecek teoriler için dört farklı havuz sistemine olası değerler verilerek piramidin inşaat süresi hesaplanacaktır.</p>
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