In the present study, the effects of the boriding process on adhesion and tribological properties of AISI 310 steel were investigated. Boriding was performed in a solid medium consisting of Ekabor-II powders at 1123 and 1323K for 2 and 6 h. The boride layer was characterized by optical microscopy, the X-ray diffraction technique and the micro-Vickers hardness tester. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the boride layers on the surface of the steels revealed the existence of FexBy, CrxBy and NixBy compounds. Depending on the chemical composition of substrates, the boride layer thickness on the surface of the AISI 310 steel was found to be 56.74 μm. The hardness of the boride compounds formed on the surface of the AISI 310 steel ranged from 1658 to 2284 HV0,1, whereas the Vickers hardness value of the untreated steel AISI 310 was 276 HV0,1. The wear tests were carried out in a ball-disc arrangement under a dry friction condition at room temperature with an applied load of 10N and with a sliding speed of 0.3 m/s, at a sliding distance of 1000m. The wear surfaces of the steel were analyzed using an SEM microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS. It was observed that the wear rate of unborided and borided AISI 310 steel ranged from 4.57 to 71.42 mm 3 /Nm.Keywords: AISI 310, Boriding, Micro-Hardness, Adhesion, Tribology. INTRODUÇÃOBoriding is a thermochemical surface hardening process which occurs with the diffusion of boron atoms on the matrix surface. The introduced boron atoms react with the material and form a number of borides. As a result of these formations, boronizing of the surface of a material allows a significant reduction of the rate of corrosion, oxidation or shaping of fatigue cracks that occur as an outcome of its operation [1][2][3][4]. But the main advantage of boronizing metals is the possibility to alloy a high surface hardness with a low friction coefficient. This may lead to good wear resistance. The increase in hardness due to boronizing of steels resulted in decreased wear rates in [5].The wear and friction behaviors of borided steels are broadly dependent on the following surface and boriding conditions: boriding time and temperature, chemical composition, mechanical properties, physical structure, lubricant, surface roughness, etc. As result of these conditions, the life of machine components may be affected. The efficiency, durability and reliability are improved by reducing friction and wear rate via certain materials, surface modifications and lubricants [6][7][8].The need to overcome wear is an old and well recognized problem that presents a unique challenge to the designer and the developer of steel components for many engineering applications, for example in crushing mills, sieves, shaft pins, skip hoist elements, conveyors, blades, gear and sprocket wheels, self-dumping cars elements, loading machines, trucks, front casting bulldozers, buckets and worm transporters. The borided steel surfaces with a high hardness have outstanding wear resistance. Therefore, boriding ...
Bu çalışmada, % 95 Ni ve % 5 Mg içeren Ni-Mg alaşımının borlama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alaşım malzemesini üretmek için toz metalurjisi yöntemiyle Ni ve Mg metal tozları uygun kaplar içerisinde homojen bir şekilde karışması için tek faza sahip elektrik motorlu döner bir karıştırıcıda 24 saat süreyle karıştırılmıştır. Karıştırılan tozlar özel olarak tasarlanmış silindirik kalıplara dökülerek 300 bar basınç altında preslendikten sonra Ar atmosferi ortamında tüp fırın içerisinde 530 °C sıcaklıkta sinterleme işlemine tabi tutulmuşlardır. Sinterlenerek üretilen numunelere sırasıyla sertlik ve yoğunluk testleri uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, sinterlenerek üretilmiş numunelere kapalı fırın ortamında 900 ve 1000 °C sıcaklıklarda 1.5-4.5 saat sürelerde ticari Ekabor tozu kullanılarak borlama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Borlanan numunelerin borür tabaka kalınlıkları optik mikroskop yardımıyla ölçülmüştür. Borlama işlemi sonucunda elde edilen borür fazları XRD analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Borlanmış Nikel-Magnezyum numunelerinin XRD analizi sonucunda Ni3B, Ni2B, NiB ve Mg fazları elde edilmiştir. Artan borlama sıcaklığı ve süresine bağlı olarak elde edilen Ni-Mg numuneler üzerinde farklı kalınlıklarda borür tabakaları ölçülmüştür. Mg içeriğinin borlama olayına yardımcı olması ve borür tabakalarının büyümesine etki etmesinin dışında mikroyapıda gözenekli bir yapı oluşmasına neden olmuştur.
Powder metallurgy is a progressive branch of engineering that enables engineers to fabricate difficult-to-make parts and materials that are used in many industrial areas. Joining this class of materials is a difficult task due to their intrinsic limitations, such as porosity and thermal properties. In this study, varying ratios of Co powder additions to Nix+Aly powder mixture were made prior to sintering at 600°C. The sintered samples were brazed in both microwave and traditional tube furnaces by placing brazing filler alloy between the sintered specimens without added weight at 950°C for 15 min. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to characterize the brazed samples and the joints. Shear strength and hardness of brazed joints were also determined.
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