Pada proses bubut, seluruh energi yang digunakan untuk pembentukan geram diubah menjadi kalor. Hal ini menyebabkan suhu pada zona pemotongan akan meningkat. Kalor yang dibangkitkan selama proses pemesinan bergantung terutama pada jenis pahat, material benda kerja, dan parameter proses seperti kecepatan potong, kedalaman potong dan gerak makan. Temperatur tinggi yang terdistribusi dengan baik selama proses pembubutan, memiliki pengaruh yang penting terhadap tegangan pada mata pahat. Maka dari itu perlu dilakukan analisa pengaruh sudut geram terhadap tegangan pada proses pembubutan titanium dengan cara mengkomparasi hasil teoritis dan simulasi menggunakan Autodesk Inventor 2016.Pada penelitian ini, gaya pemotongan yang digunakan adalah pemotongan orthogonal. Variasi sudut utama pemotongan yang digunakan 5°, 10° dan 15°. Berdasarkan dari perhitungan secara teoritis, gaya potong maksimum (Fc) yaitu 1720 N untuk sudut geram (γ) 50, dan terjadi penurunan gaya potong setiap kenaikan sudut geram (γ). Dari hasil simulasi yang dilakukan, tegangan maksimum terjadi pada sudut potong 15°, sebesar 1368,462 N/mm2 , terjadi kenaikan tegangan setiap kenaikan sudut geram (γ)
A pico-hydro-type crossflow turbine (CFT) with an off-grid system configuration is a suitable option to increase the electrification ratio in remote or rural areas because it has a simple shape and can be applied in run-of-river conditions. Yet, a comprehensive study is necessary for the CFT to be applied to run-of-river conditions (low head and extreme fluctuation discharge), since this is categorized as an impulse turbine. One solution to optimize the CFT’s performance in this context is to increase the lift force. Hence, this study investigated the effect of the upper blade of the CFT with convex and curved configurations using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The CFD transient approach uses a moving mesh feature, and the solver is pressure-based in low-head conditions (5 m pressure). The CFD results and analysis of variance (ANOVA) calculation results from this study reveal that the upper CFT affects the performance of the turbine. The relationship of the CFT performance with the rotation and specific speed is parabolic. The express empirical law relation for performance to rotation is a four-order polynomial, and for performance to a specific speed, a three-order polynomial. Based on empirical laws, a CFT with a convex blade is recommended for conditions with low head and extreme fluctuation discharge since it has a wider range of specific speeds than a curved blade, propeller, or Kaplan, Pelton, or Francis turbine. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-01-012 Full Text: PDF
The purpose of this study is to modify the water pipe in the mini boiler into a spiral pipe, with a pipe length of 196.8 cm. With the aim of increasing the efficiency and temperature produced by mini boilers. In addition, it is also to determine the shape and length of the pipe that is better for use in mini boilers. The results of the test show the temperature rise that passes through the superheater pipe. In the spiral pipe model there is a temperature increase of 10.92 °C, with a steam inlet temperature of 277.62 °C. While the temperature of steam coming out of the superheater pipe is 288.54°C. This shows a temperature increase of 16.6°C, with a superheater pipe steam temperature of 267.4 °C and a steam temperature of 284 °C from the previous pipe model. Testing for heating water, until it becomes steam in the mini boiler is carried out for 90 minutes.The temperature value of the spiral pipe model is better than the previous pipe model. And the efficiency value obtained in the mini boiler using the spiral pipe is 15.055%, while in the previous study only 5.73%.
An autonomous vehicle's primary function is detecting and tracking the road course precisely and correctly without a driver's assistance. As a result, implementing appropriate controllers is critical for improving the vehicle's stability and movement responsiveness. The performance of adaptive Stanley controlled is evaluated in this paper using numerical simulations. The Stanley controller's most common geometric controller for vehicle path tracking algorithms is compared based on their trajectory tracking analyses on various vehicle speed maneuvers. Stanley calculates steering based on the difference between the vehicle's lateral position and heading angle. The difference between desired coordinates and present coordinates of the vehicle along the path is used to calculate lateral, longitudinal, and vehicle heading orientation angle using the future prediction control technique. The results demonstrate that the Stanley controller outperforms the emergency trajectory with more consistent trajectory tracking and steady-state error.
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