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Maximum power point tracking of partial shaded photovoltaic array using an evolutionary algorithm: A particle swarm optimization technique J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 6, 023102 (2014); 10.1063/1.4868025Performance evaluation of a solar photovoltaic thermal air collector using energy and exergy analysis J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 3, 043115 (2011); 10.1063/1.3624760Energy and exergy analysis of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar water heater considering with and without withdrawal from tankIn this paper, a mathematical model is used to determine the solar radiation incident on an inclined surface and the optimum slope angles for each month, season, and year are calculated for solar hybrid collectors. We recommend on how the collected energy can be increased by varying the tilt angle. First, we esteem the global solar radiation on a horizontal surface of a thermal photovoltaic hybrid collector (PVT) for a clear sky. The data set of the solar radiation at Gharda€ ıa (Algeria) measured during 2013 was used to analyze the models of global solar radiation estimation. The models of performance are evaluated by using the coefficient of correlation (R 2 ), the absolute average error skew (mean absolute error, MABE), average quadratic error (mean square error RMSE), the percentage of the average error (MPE), and the percentage of average absolute error. Then the anisotropic and isotropic models that provide the most accurate estimation of the total solar radiation has been used to determine the optimum collector slope. Particle swarm optimization method was applied to obtain the tilt angle setting of the tilt angle of PVT collector. The objective was to improve the efficiency of PVT collector. The results show that these models used are very well designed. The coefficient of correlation (R 2 ) varies from 0. 90 to 0. 99. For the percentage of errors of prediction (MABE and RMSE) lowered by 0.1, it is observed also that the angle of inclination of PVT collector takes different values during the year and that the collector received more solar energy compared to collector without optimal angle. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.

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Experimental studies confirm that the obtained electrical power by a conventional photovoltaic PV system is progressively degraded when the temperature of its cells is increased. The water-cooled photovoltaic thermal PVT system is therefore proposed to avoid the voltage drop at high temperature. The use of single diode PV/PVT models in simulation software becomes indispensable to analyze its performances where several climatic conditions such as environmental temperature and solar radiation variations should be considered. An optimal set of PV/PVT model parameters are determined through experimental data using two evolutionary computation algorithms; genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the robustness of the given PV/PVT model should be analyzed. The predicted electrical properties by the proposed PVT model are compared with those given by the conventional PV model at its operating cell conditions and also at several rigid atmospheric conditions.

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