Root nodule bacteria were isolated from Centrolobium paraense Tul. grown in soils from the Amazon region, State of Roraima (Brazil). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of seven strains (BR 10247 T , BR 10296, BR 10297, BR 10298, BR 10299, BR 10300 and BR 10301) placed them in the genus Bradyrhizobium with the closest neighbours being the type strains of Bradyrhizobium paxllaeri (98.8 % similarity), Bradyrhizobium icense (98.8 %), Bradyrhizobium lablabi (98.7 %), Bradyrhizobium jicamae (98.6 %), Bradyrhizobium elkanii (98.6 %), Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi (98.6 %) and Bradyrhizobium retamae (98.3 %). This high similarity, however, was not confirmed by the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) 16S-23S rRNA region sequence analysis nor by multi-locus sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analyses of five housekeeping genes (dnaK, glnII, gyrB, recA and rpoB) revealed Bradyrhizobium iriomotense EK05 T (5LMG 24129 T ) to be the most closely related type strain (95.7 % sequence similarity or less). Chemotaxonomic data, including fatty acid profiles [major components being C 16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (18 : 1v6c/18 : 1v7c)], DNA G+C content, slow growth rate and carbon compound utilization patterns, supported the placement of the novel strains in the genus Bradyrhizobium. Results of DNA-DNA relatedness studies and physiological data (especially carbon source utilization) differentiated the strains from the closest recognized species of the genus Bradyrhizobium. Symbiosis-related genes for nodulation (nodC) and nitrogen fixation (nifH) placed the novel species in a new branch within the genus Bradyrhizobium. Based on the current data, these seven strains represent a novel species for which the name Bradyrhizobium neotropicale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR 10247 T (5HAMBI 3599 T ).

Maize plants can establish beneficial associations with plant growth-promoting bacteria. However, few studies have been conducted on the characterization and inoculation of these bacteria in the Amazon region. This study aimed to characterize endophytic bacteria isolated from maize in the Amazon region and to assess their capacity to promote plant growth. Fifty-five bacterial isolates were obtained from maize grown in two types of ecosystems, i.e., a cerrado (savanna) and a forest area. The isolates were characterized by the presence of the nifH gene, their ability to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and solubilize calcium phosphate (CaHPO 4 ), and 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing. Twenty-four bacteria contained the nifH gene, of which seven were isolated from maize plants cultivated in a cerrado area and seventeen from a forest area. Fourteen samples showed the capacity to synthesize IAA and only four solubilized calcium phosphate. The following genera were found among these isolates: Pseudomonas; Acinetobacter; Enterobacter; Pantoea; Burkholderia and Bacillus. In addition, eight isolates with plant growth-promoting capacity were selected for a glasshouse experiment involving the inoculation of two maize genotypes (a hybrid and a variety) grown in pots containing soil. Inoculation promoted the development of the maize plants but no significant interaction between maize cultivar and bacterial inoculation was found. A high diversity of endophytic bacteria is present in the Amazon region and these bacteria have potential to promote the development of maize plants. KEYWORDS: Biological nitrogen fixation, Zea mays L., 16S rRNA. Diversidade e capacidade de promoção de crescimento de milho de bactérias isoladas da região Amazônica RESUMOPlantas de milho podem estabelecer associações benéficas com bactérias promotoras do crescimento vegetal. No entanto, poucos estudos de caracterização e inoculação com essas bactérias foram realizados na região Amazônica. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar bactérias endofíticas isoladas de milho na região Amazônica e avaliar sua capacidade de promover o crescimento. Cinquenta e cinco isolados bacterianos foram obtidos de plantas de milho cultivadas em diferentes tipos de ecossistemas, cerrado (savana) e área de floresta. Estes foram caracterizados pela presença do gene nifH, capacidade de sintetizar ácido indol-3-acético (AIA), solubilizar fosfato de cálcio (CaHPO 4 ) e sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA. Vinte e quatro bactérias apresentaram o gene nifH. Destas, sete são oriundas de plantas cultivadas em uma área de cerrado e 17 em área de floresta. Quatorze bactérias demonstraram a capacidade de solubilizar AIA e quatro de solubilizar fosfato de cálcio. Entre estas bactérias, foram encontrados os seguintes gêneros: Pseudomonas; Acinetobacter; Enterobacter; Pantoea; Burkholderia e Bacillus. Oito isolados com capacidade de promoção do crescimento vegetal foram selecionados para experimento em casa de vegetação com a inoculação em dois diferentes genótipos de mi...

Brazil nut is a very important nontimber forest product in the Amazon region. Propagation of this tree still represents a challenge due to slow and uneven seed germination. In this context, plant growth-promoting bacteria can facilitate the process of propagation. The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from the roots of Brazil nut trees in native terra firme forest and cultivation areas in northern Brazil, and to identify mechanisms by which bacteria act in plant growth promotion. Overall, 90 bacterial isolates were obtained from the roots of Brazil nut trees in monoculture, agroforestry and native forest areas by using different semisolid media. The isolates were characterized by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Plant growth-promoting characteristics were evaluated by the presence of the nifH gene, aluminum phosphate solubilization and the production of indole compounds. The isolates were affiliated with 18 genera belonging to 5 different classes (α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Bacilli and Actinobacteria). The genus Bacillus was predominant in the forest and monoculture areas. Fourteen isolates presented the nifH gene. Most of the bacteria were able to solubilize aluminum phosphate and synthetize indole compounds. The results indicated high diversity of endophytic bacteria present among the roots of Brazil nut trees, mainly in the agroforestry area, which could be related to soil attributes. Among the 90 isolates, the 22 that presented the best results regarding plant growth promotion traits were good candidates for testing in seedling production of Brazil nut trees.