Santa Cruz de los Pinos is a small town like most others in the Cuban countryside. But half a century ago it was the epicenter of the 1962 Missile Crisis. During that time it served as a Soviet base for middle-range nuclear missiles, and the US air reconnaissance photos of it were spread through media all around the world. The crisis was solved through negotiations without Cuban involvement, and as a result of this neglect the Missile Crisis has been an under-communicated part of history in Cuba. A Swedish—Cuban research project has now investigated what kinds of memories of the crisis remain today at the former missile base — in the ground as well as in people’s minds. Digging in the ground has proved to be an effective way to start a remembering process and to help disarm a politically loaded history and uncover stories other than those dominating ‘big history’.
In this article we analyse the time course of the consumption of fresh milk in different regions of Europe between the 1870s and 1930s. Working from the case of Catalonia, we affirm that the increasing consumption of milk in that period must be especially linked to the spreading of new scientific knowledge in microbiology and nutrition that followed Pasteur's discoveries. We particularly highlight the information dissemination activities in this direction carried out by health sector professionals (medical doctors and pharmacists), governing local institutions and the milk industry. The initiatives developed by these groups changed people's preferences-fresh milk became accepted as a necessary foodstuff , and demand for it increased. However, the evolution of consumption was not the same in all regions of Europe due to their different environmental and agronomic conditions.
El objetivo de esta investigación es entender cómo el avance científico y las tendencias cultura- les de la actualidad se alejan de la racionalidad y de la búsqueda de la verdadera equidad social, al contrario, sugieren ligar la calidad de vida a la propensión marginal del consumo. Es así como se calcula en los principales indicadores en el mundo al respecto —el coeficiente de Gini, el ín- dice Theil y el índice Palma—. La prioridad a la medición de los ingresos de los ciudadanos para calcular la inequidad, implica enfocar políticas y soluciones netamente monetarias que, vistos de forma directa, conllevan al simple incentivo del consumo sin tener repercusión de fondo en el desarrollo social o en la calidad de vida de los seres humanos. La implementación de la medición tomando el método que sugiere Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional adaptado para Colombia a partir del año 2010, fue el insumo para la implementación de políticas sociales, que permitieron corregir las carencias de los ciudadanos objetivo y, como consecuencia, en el mediano plazo afectan de forma positiva el comportamiento de los indicadores monetarios. Teniendo en cuenta los datos disponibles en el Departamento Nacional de Estadística se realizará un comparativo entre la evolución del coeficiente de Gini, el Índice de Pobreza Monetaria entre el año 2000 hasta el año 2015 y el histórico reflejado en el Índice de pobreza Multidimensional a partir del año 2010.
CRUDE FAT OR ETHYL ETHER EXTRACT DETERMINATION IN COCONUT MILK
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