A novel, simple, soft, and fast microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was used for the preparation of single-crystal nanorods of hexagonal rhabdophane-type La 1 -x Sr x PO 4 -x/2 ÁnH 2 O (x = 0 or 0.02) from commercially available La(NO 3 ) 3 Á6H 2 O, Sr(NO 3 ) 2 , and H 3 PO 4 . The synthesis was conducted at 130°C for 20 min in a sealed-vessel microwave reactor specifically designed for synthetic applications, and the resulting products were characterized using a wide battery of analytical techniques. Highly uniform, well-shaped nanorods of LaPO 4 ÁnH 2 O and La 0.98 Sr 0.02 PO 3.99 ÁnH 2 O were readily obtained, with average length of 213 ± 41 nm and 102 ± 25 nm, average aspect ratio (ratio between length and diameter) of 21 ± 9 and 12 ± 5, and specific surface area of 45 ± 2 and 51 ± 1 m 2 /g, respectively. In both cases, the single-crystal nanorods grew anisotropically along their c crystallographic-axis direction. At 700°C, the hexagonal rhabdophane-type phase has already transformed into the monoclinic monazite-type structure, although the undoped and Sr-doped nanorods retain their morphological features and specific surface area during calcination.
PurposeNosocomial infections account for one of the most serious complications in hospitalized patients around the world. Surgical site infections have significant economic implications, and surgical antisepsis plays an important role in such processes.MethodsWith prior approval by the Institutional Review Board and informed consent, 10 volunteers were randomly assigned to 3 protocols on hand antisepsis: protocol A (chloroxylenol 3%), protocol B (benzalkonium chloride at 1%), and protocol C (ethyl alcohol 61%, 1% chlorhexidine gluconate). Smears from both hands were cultured after each hand pro tocol (t0) and at the end of suturing (t1). Colony forming units were counted (CFUs on blood agar dishes) with digital counting software (Open CFU). Friedman test was used to compare the mean values among the groups, and a Bonferroni correction was made to determine the dissimilar group, with a P = 0.015.ResultsAt t0 for protocol A the CFU count was 82.8 ± 1.3; protocol B was 9.7 ± 30; protocol C was 0.1 ± 0.3 (P < 0.001). At t1 for protocol A the CFU was 80.7 ± 89.4; protocol B was 7.5 ± 32; protocol C was 0.0 ± 0.0 (P < 0.001). No adverse events were present among the subjects.ConclusionEthyl alcohol at 61% with 1% chlorhexidine gluconate showed higher efficacy than the traditional washing antiseptics.
TP53 mutations are present in all molecular subtypes of breast cancer and often correlate with de-creased survival; however, few therapeutic options exist for patients with TP53-mutant breast can-cers. To discover therapeutic strategies for these patients, we investigated the sensitivity of 129 FDA-approved chemotherapies to TP53-KO and TP53-WT MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells and found p53 loss to confer sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We then treated the p53-null cells and isogenic controls with F10, a second-generation polymeric fluoropyrimidine, and found this preferential cytotoxicity of TP53-KO cells to be significantly magnified. F10 killing could only minimally be rescued by addition of exogenous uridine, whereas it was completely abrogated by addition of exogenous thymidine, suggesting DNA incorporation to be central to the cytotoxic mechanism of action. Furthermore, F10 killing of p53-null cells was persistent even in heterogeneous cellular mixtures more reflective of natural tumor evolution. Together, our results suggest F10 may widen the therapeutic window for TP53-mutant breast cancer by enhancing genotoxicity in cells resistant to apoptosis.
Reservoir sandstone geometry of tide-dominated depositional sequences in the Lower Misoa Formation (lower Eocene), together with multiple northwest-trending normal faults, exerts a strong influence on fluid distribution and poorly swept areas in the VLA-6/9/21 Area in north-central Lake Maracaibo. An integrated reservoir-characterization study by the Bureau of Economic Geology (BEG) and Maraven, S. A., identifies depositional and structural controls on bypassed oil in poorly swept areas adjacent to elongate pathways of water encroachment along depositional axes within sparsely drilled, fault-bounded compartments.
The upper C6 to C3 Members consist of multiple tide-dominated depositional sequences, 30.5 to 91.5 m (100 to 300 ft) thick, bounded below by tidal-ravinement surfaces and capped by flooding surfaces. Each sequence contains multiple parasequences composed of 50- to 100-ft (15.2- to 30.5-m), predominantly upward coarsening, pervasively burrowed sandstones, eroded by cross bedded sandstones. Limited accommodation space resulted in tidal ravinement and erosion of older genetic stratigraphic units. Detailed depositional modeling of these depositional sequences provides a framework for understanding and predicting reservoir drainage patterns and distribution of remaining oil.
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