Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. is a fruit species from the Sahelian and Sudano-sahelian zones, highly appreciated by the population. It provides a source of income for the rural population and its various parts are used for human and animal food, handicrafts and traditional medicine. However, the lack of data on propagation techniques of the species is a significant limitation to its domestication. This study aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of Balanites aegyptiaca by air layering. The trials were conducted in the Arboretum of Sahara Sahel Foods in Zinder, Niger. The layers were placed on orthotropic branches. The variables selected were the diameter class (1-2 cm, 2-3 cm and 3-4 cm) and the substrates (sand+manure, sand+sawdust and sand). A total of 116 layers were made. The results show that 93.1% of the layers have taken root two months after realization. The diameter classes and the three substrates have no significant influence on the number of roots. In contrast, root length varied significantly with substrates (P = 0.000) and branch diameter classes (P = 0.031). As for the diameter of the newly formed roots, a significant difference was observed between the diameter classes and the substrates have no significant effect on this parameter. One month after weaning of layers, an average survival rate of 68.5% was obtained. The seedlings of the diameter class 2-3 cm have the highest survival rate (83.1%). These results suggest that it is possible to produce Balanites aegyptiaca plants by air layering, and could contribute to the development of strategies adapted to its domestication.
Acacia tortilis est une espèce ligneuse à usages multiples au Niger qui subit une forte pression anthropique. La maitrise de la germination de sa graine nécessite attention particulière pour la multiplication de l'espèce. Des essais sur la germination ont été conduits sur les graines de Acacia tortilis. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer le taux de germination des graines en fonction des traitements et des unités géomorphologiques. Les essais ont été conduits sur 30 jours dans le laboratoire de l'Université de Diffa. Au total 15 traitements avec 4 répétitions ont été effectués. Les meilleurs résultats sont observés au niveau de 3 traitements notamment, les trempages dans l'acide sulfurique pendant 60 et 120 minutes et la scarification manuelle à l'aide d'un papier abrasif avec des taux de germinations respectifs de 95%, 83,75% et 76,3%. Le passage dans les tractus digestifs des caprins et des ovins n'a pas donné de taux de germination des graines au même titre que le traitement à l'acide sulfurique. Quant à la géomorphologie du site, elle n'a aucun effet sur le pouvoir germinatif des graines de Acacia tortilis. Par contre une variation des poids des échantillons de graines a été observée avec 1,75 g/échantillon pour le replat dunaire et le versant, et 1 g/échantillon pour la cuvette.
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