In the western desert region of Egypt, previous propped multiple-fracture treatments were performed using conventional methods (i.e., perforate, frac, set mechanical/zone isolation, and repeat cycle). Although the resulting treatment efficiency was satisfactory, other methods were being considered to help reduce cost and improve production performance. Also, it was desired to decrease total operational time, which would further impact economics (rig time, production delay, etc).In an attempt to improve production response, fracturing designs in the El Fadl field in the western desert went from a standard three-stage design up to as much as a six-stage design to more effectively stimulate the pay zones. A careful review of the field and operations suggested possible benefits from implementing the pinpoint method for hydraulic-fracturing treatments. It was, however, not a simple case of just applying a hydraulic-fracturing treatment to every potential zone, but required proper well screening, thorough log analysis, calculating and validating mechanical rock properties, and enhanced 3D fracture modeling to achieve a successful campaign.A pinpoint method for stimulation was implemented to perform multistage jobs at reduced costs. As the stage count per well was increased, production response and economics were improved. Both treatment design and staging design with this fracturing technique continue to be further refined as performance and statistical analysis of previous design changes are completed.This paper discusses a pinpoint method for frac treatment and the methodology applied on a recent well. Differences in job execution that will be discussed include: using a hydrajet perforating mechanism instead of conventional casing-gun perforation, time-consumption reduction, analysis of vertical-fracture coverage per potential zone, and cumulative production response from the different designs tested. This could serve as guidelines for other operators who might be facing similar challenges in the North Africa region and elsewhere.
Saqqara is a very challenging field in the Gulf of Suez in the Red Sea area, producing from the deep sandstone Jurassic formation. This formation can sometimes be watered out, with a combination of high H 2 S and CO 2 levels in the production. High sand quality has developed high horizontal and vertical permeability, which challenges any water shutoff treatment placement.One of the critical measures of success in water shutoff treatments is selective zonal shutoff across an existing hydrocarbon zone. It was challenging to select a deep penetration polymer to treat the selected zones, as it must resist high temperature degradation (321°F), particularly in existence of high concentrations of H 2 S. Different water shutoff (WSO) treatments were considered, but selecting an organic crosslinked polymer (OCP) gave the best lab results because of its stability in high temperature conditions. Placement and isolation techniques were challenging, particularly with the existence of multiple zones of interest. Therefore, coiled tubing (CT) well intervention methods were selected for best placement without resorting to a more expensive workover option.The results of the treatment were designed toward the sustainable production of these kinds of mature watered out fields. The treatment succeeded by reducing produced water from almost 2,300 BWPD down to almost zero BWPD.This process allows the operator to increase the drawdown value, which strongly affects the BOPD value compared to the initial watered-out condition. The treatment maximized the value from mature fields revitalization, redevelopment, and end of field life planning.
The paper is focused on emerging plasma-based milling technology enabling wider use of Light Intervention while restoring Well Integrity. The tool should be able to RIH through tubing minimizing footprint of the equipment using coiled tubing system. The presented milling technology uses electrical plasma for material disintegration. A significant advantage is based on the size of disintegrated material when compared to conventional milling producing massive swarf / debris. Analysis of cuttings produced during casing / tubing milling with plasma-based tool shows that their size distribution is based on the major fraction in the range of 1-5 mm. This feature reduces possibilities of intervention failures related to swarf / debris in the well in order to maintain Well Integrity. The technology is currently under development with expected field testing in 2016. Currently, the technology´s application is focused on Plug & Abandonment (P&A) service while being developed within Joint Industry Project (JIP) with O&G operators and oilfield service provider. Parallel to JIP, the team is capable to customize the technology and the tool itself for applications like slot recovery, side-tracking and pipe recovery. The unique features of the plasma-based technology can be beneficial for several Well Intervention applications in the Middle East region.
The main objective of the paper is to present the possibility of non-contact approach based on electrical plasma in downhole milling or cutting operations. The features of this approach can be beneficial for a variety of Well Intervention applications characteristic for Middle East region. These applications include slot recovery, side-tracking, pipe recovery and several others. The presented approach utilizes thermal electrical plasma capable to disintegrate a variety of materials (steel, cement, rock) with the same tool. Milling or cutting using this approach is based on a hybridized plasmachemical and thermochemical processes resulting fast metal degradation and removal in water steam environment. The main processes responsible for the rate and effectivity of steel/cement removal are oxidative processes as well as melting and evaporation. This non-contact approach utilizing coiled tubing (CT) technology brings also improved reliability by minimization of wear and tear of the tool itself. Based on its features, the technology can bring the following benefits into Slot recovery application area: Multicasing milling in fewer trips100% rigless operation – Light Well Intervention Vessel offering flexible use and satisfying immediate needsGeneration of small swarf (no mechanical stuck, less viscous and cheaper fluids)Reduction of HSE-related risks due to reduced tripping and automated CT systemReduction of issues with fluid management due to simplified handling with milled materialShortening of the whole process due to its structural simplification Similarly, the mentioned features can be used also for other potential applications including: Multi-lateral side-trackingPipe recovery of stuck BHARepair/replacement of damaged casingWellhead retrieval Moreover, after development and modifications of the tool geometry, it can provide an efficient substitution of conventional junk/fish milling tools.
TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax +1-972-952-9435. AbstractOne of the critical measures of success in matrix acidizing is to get the acid distributed across all the zones of interest, thus ensuring they are all stimulated and maximum production is achieved. Because most producing zones are not homogeneous in terms of permeability, porosity, water saturation, or the degree of damage they have experienced, uniform distribution of acid during the acid job is seldom achieved. This task is further complicated when high water-saturation zones form part of the pay interval; not only do the producing zones get inadequate stimulation but the water zones get preferentially stimulated to produce large quantities of unwanted water that can kill the well or increase the lifting and disposal costs for the well.Many acid-diversion techniques, mechanical and chemical, are available to help achieve even distribution of acid, but addressing water control and stimulation of the preferred zones in one treatment is uncommon. A new acid-diversion technique using associate polymer technology (APT) applied in the western-desert region of Egypt achieved tremendous results when compared to similar wells treated in the area. In one case, the production results from the well treated with APT were as high as 5,000 BFPD with negligible (0.02%) water cut compared to another well that produced similar fluid quantities, but with more than 50% water cut.This paper discusses the first use of APT technology in the Al-Amein dolomite reservoir of Egypt and compares it with the earlier uses of other diverting methods in the same field. Acid-job simulation results obtained from a matrix-acid job simulator is also presented to demonstrate the ability to design such jobs before execution and to optimize the placement technique and the choice of stimulation fluids for a reservoir.
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