In its origins, customary law is a product of tribal order, which lacked a genuine state organization and institutions to create and enforce the law (Pëllumbi, 2006). Albanian customary law (ACL) is one of the oldest and most exceptional bodies of European customary law. It is exceptional that it does not come from a legislator or state parliament, but it was transmitted across generations in its unwritten form since antiquity. ACL has been applied in Albanian territories alongside various state laws implemented by locals or invaders. The purpose of this paper is to bring closer the scientific knowledge regarding the application of customary law from the ancient period to the new time. This knowledge brings scientific data regarding the originality or the influence of the customary rights of foreign people on ACL. This paper, by using the comparative methods, theoretical and meta-analysis methods (Maloku, 2020), will present the views of some foreign and local authors on customary law throughout history, and in particular in the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini (KLD) as a fundamental source of ACL. The KLD has had the greatest longevity. Japanese anthropologist Kazuhiko Yamamoto considered the KLD to be similar to ancient Japanese customary law and Homeric-era law (Yamamoto, 2015). This paper contributes to the existing scientific literature, especially in the legal field. Moreover, this paper can contribute to the work of criminologists, victimologists, sociologists, and historians of the rule of law who deal with the research on the impact of customary law in Albanian lands.
This paper examines the findings of a research conducted in the Gjilan area over the previous five years on the extent of crime by socioeconomic origin (mostly offenders of criminal acts in six towns) (ALFA, BETA, GAMMA, DELTA, and EPSILON). The location of the examination in the Gjilan area is given additional emphasis mostly in methodological portion. We incorporated words that more accurately characterize the studied issue and its interpretative position in the observed occurrence in the study and discussion outcomes. This study was used as a statistical method as a very favorable method (review using tables and graphs) that is developed in space and certain periods of data gathering, review, and presentation related to the extent of crime, according to the social origin of crime, and according to the dynamic rate of spread in the countries with the largest populations. The data was gathered using empirical methods. Empirical data was acquired from security source records in relation with cases classified as criminal crimes. The findings revealed statistically significant disparities in the extent of crime over the research period between people committing criminal acts based on their socioeconomic background (rural and urban areas). There are additional disparities in the fact that crime occurs more dynamically and to a greater extent in larger towns. The study will add to and complete the body of scientific information on the issue of criminal populations. The study's findings will aid in the development of new strategies and approaches for reducing the criminal population in the Gjilan region and preventing particular types of crime. Research is also significant for social practice and practical reasons such as controlling and properly preventing crime. Received: 5 March 2022 / Accepted: 26 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022
This work tackles mediation in Kosovo grounded on the special Law for Mediation, which entered into force in 2008. The paper is going to discuss other provisions in other legal codes and provisions which foresee mediation as a mechanism for resolution of conflicts and disagreements in extrajudicial form in the civil and criminal field etc. As for the level in which implementation of mediation has arrived in Kosovo, will be a subject of review. Therefore, firstly it discusses the notion of mediation, followed by definition, history, legal regulatory, types, statistics of application, advantages, weaknesses, difficulties, subjective impressions of responsible people of this extrajudicial instrument as well as of mediators’ practical experience, their recommendations for changes followed by its place and importance in the future.
Nach einer wechselvollen Geschichte konnte der Kosovo nach Erlangung der Unabhängigkeit erstmals ein eigenes Straf- und Strafprozessrecht erlassen. Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt das geltende kosovarische Recht und untersucht es u.a. darauf hin, ob es den Vorgaben der Verfassung und der einschlägigen völkerrechtlichen Verträge entspricht. Beim Erlass des neuen Strafrechts scheint ein gravierendes Versäumnis des Gesetzgebers das „Vergessen“ eines Delikts der fahrlässigen schweren Körperverletzung zu sein, obwohl ein solcher Tatbestand in dem vorangehenden StGB noch enthalten war. Das neue Strafprozessrecht wurde durch einige angelsächsische Elemente angereichert und entspricht im Wesentlichen den menschenrechtlichen Vorgaben der Verfassung und der EMRK. Für jugendliche Straftäter gilt ein besonderes Strafbemessungs- und Verfahrensrecht, das in einem eigenen Jugendgerichtsgesetzbuch niedergelegt ist. Die Regeln über die strafrechtliche Mediation können sich auf alte gewohnheitsrechtliche Traditionen der Streiterledigung stützen.
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