In the present study, quercetin was examined against lung human cancer cells using A549 and H69 cancer cell lines in addition to normal non cancer cells (W138). Two genes Bax and Bcl-2 that play an important role in apoptosis pathways were investigated. Also Immunohistochemical study for caspase-3 which is considered as indicator for apoptosis was performed. Quercetin showed good anti proliferative activity against tested lung cancer cell lines, IC 50 values on A549 are 8.65, 7.96 and 5.14 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72h respectively. Also significant effects of quercetin on Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were observed, that can prove its ability to induce apoptosis. On the other hand quercetin showed good therapeutic effects against cyclophosphamide induced lung toxicity that were observed in the histopathology study. In vitro studies were also performed such as cell cycle analysis through flowcytometry. The obtained results from all these performed analysis proved that quercetin can induce apoptosis in human lung cancer cells, additionally quercetin showed ability to reduce MDA and increase SOD and GSHP levels which indicates its ability in suppressing oxidative stress, Quercetin has played a therapeutic role in cyclophosphamide induced lung toxicity as it has improved restoring of the damaged lung tissue as discussed in this research work.

Oncotherapeutics like doxorubicin can affect male gonads; as a result, it leads to infertility. This work was conducted to demonstrate the toxic effects of doxorubicin on testes of male albino rats. Fifty male albino rats aged 5-7 weeks were used in this study. The animals were randomly separated into 5 sets (each set containing ten rats). Group I received saline (i.p.) for 4 weeks. Group II was given doxorubicin (DOX), 5 mg/kg BW (i.p.) once/week for 4 weeks. Groups III and IV were treated in the same way as the DOX group, left for one week without medication, and then injected with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or human placental extract (HPE) therapy in a single dose of 5 × 10 6 in 200 ml PRP/week or 40 μl placental extract for 4 weeks via the caudal vein. Group V rats were treated in the same way as the DOX group also, left for one week without medication, and then injected with MSC+HPE. A significant decrease in serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels was observed in rats treated with DOX compared to the control group. A significant elevation was recorded in rats treated with DOX+MSC or DOX+HPE when compared with the DOX group only. Rats that were given MSC+HPE after DOX intoxication showed a significant increase in hormone levels when compared to rats treated with either MSC or HPE. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed that DOX intoxication initiated degenerative and necrotic changes in seminiferous tubules associated with partial or complete cessation of spermatogenesis. These effects were reversed by the effect of MSC or HPE. Coadministration of MSC and HPE even showed further improvement. Finally, we can say that doxorubicin has a deleterious impact on rat testes; however, therapeutic effects can be induced through MSC and/or HPE administration.

A precise estimate of the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the primary tasks in forensic pathology. After death, it cannot be assumed that oxidant/antioxidant balance be adequately controlled by the body, so changes in oxidant/ antioxidant parameters are evaluated as biochemical disturbances. Aim: The aim of this work was to investigate whether the changes in some oxidant and antioxidant parameters can be relied upon in estimating the early PMI (the first 8 hours after death) in rat brain and liver. Methodology: Forty rats were divided into eight groups (five rats each). Rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after being anaesthetized by ether inhalation. The head and the abdomen were opened, where both brain and liver were extracted at intervals of one hour (0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7 and 7-8 hours intervals). In brain and liver homogenates, the following parameters were measured; the antioxidant parameters: superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), Glutathione Reduced (GSH) and catalase (CAT), and the oxidant parameters: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). These parameters were compared between groups depending on time after death. Results: The results indicated that the oxidative damage started earlier in the brain than in the liver and the antioxidants were affected more early in the brain than in the liver to overcome the oxidant damage occurred. There was a statistical significant negative (inverse) correlation between the time after death (P.M. interval) and all analyzed antioxidants (SOD, GST, RGSH and CAT) in the brain, while in the liver, the correlation was between the time after death (P.M. interval) and one of antioxidant parameters (GST). On the other hand, there was a statistical significant positive (direct) correlation between the time after death (P.M. interval) and all analyzed oxidants (MDA and NO) in both brain and liver. Regression analysis was developed in order to determine the equations for P.M. interval estimation using these parameters individually and in combination which selected by the multiple regression analysis of the statistical program. Conclusion: This study concluded that the oxidants and antioxidants in brain and liver of rats are important in determining the early period (the first 8 hours) after death. The liver was found to be more resistible to oxidative damage than the brain. Using these biochemical markers, it is possible to estimate the early postmortem interval.

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Background: Monitoring and evaluation of adverse effects of food additives as extensively used compounds is of crucial value to lower the expected harmful effects on human health. Tartrazine is a synthetic food dye that is very popular in Egypt.Objective: to investigate tartrazine toxicity and the potential of vitamin E to alleviate tartrazine hepato-renal and cardiovascular toxicity in experimental rats .Methodology: 24 adult male albino Wistar rats were included in the study. Tartrazine (300 mg/kg/day orally) was used alone and along with vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day orally) for 30 days. Body and organ weights, arterial blood pressure and ECG were recorded then the rats were sacrificed, and blood was drawn and tested for a variety of serological indicators. including kidney functions (creatinine, urea and uric acid) liver functions (AST&ALT) and lipid peroxidation indicator (MDA). In addition, histopathological analysis was done for liver and kidney tissues .Results: throughout the experiment, no mortality or behavioral changes were observed, vitamin E used in the current study mostly reversed tartrazine's harmful effects in rats. Vitamin E decreased creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels by 23%, 33% and 13% respectively. In addition, ALT, AST, and MDA levels were improved by 17%, 40% and 42% respectively. Significant reduction in arterial blood pressure and improvement in ECG changes also was observed after vitamin E treatment . Conclusion: Vitamin E has a potential protective effect as an antioxidant in ameliorating the toxic effects caused by tartrazine.

Background and objective:Child mortality rate is an important health index affected by many socioeconomic factors and reflects countries development and status. Autopsy in cases of children death is beneficial for Forensic medicine and medical research purposes. Children autopsy is conducted in the case of unnatural children deaths especially in the age group under 19 years of age. Similar to adults, trauma is the major cause of death in children, however it is important to identify other causes and age distribution of deaths. A study done in Pakistan showed that road traffic accident, poisoning and drowning accounted for 67% and 18% of children deaths respectively. The aim of this study was to describe frequency and pattern of unnatural deaths during childhood and adolescence in Great Cairo during a period of one year. Materials and methods : In one year period ( from 1 January 2016 till 30 December 2016 ) , all medicolegal childhood deaths aged 0-20 years were investigated under the auspices of Forensic Medicine authority , and were retrospectively reviewed (n = 182). This number of cases represents 11.7% of the 1562 forensic autopsies performed during one year. Age, gender, cause and manner of death, autopsy findings, type of abuse and laboratory investigations were analyzed. Results: From this study we concluded that the total number of child deaths during one year period in the Great Cairo was around 182 cases. More than 50% of cases were males in the 2nd decade, the perpetrator was not related to the victim in more than 70% of incidents, 70% of cases showed physical abuse. Male children deaths were mainly of homicidal or accidental nature, while females were of suicidal nature. Weapons related deaths in males were mainly blunt, sharp or firearm, while in females it was either poison or burn. 50% of cases with +ve toxicologic lab findings showed elevated Co levels followed by drugs of abuse. Conclusion: Urgent attention is required to be taken towards the problem of injury and violence against children and adolescents occurring through the world.