Meteorites that penetrate the atmosphere generate infrasound waves of very low frequency content. These waves can be detected even at large distances. In this study, we analyzed the infrasound waves produced by three meteors.
Tsunamis are commonly generated by earthquakes beneath the ocean floor, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. The mysterious tsunami following the Tonga eruption of 2022 is believed to be excited by the atmospheric pressure fluctuations generated by the explosion of this volcano. However, it is not clarified observationally and theoretically that which atmospheric fluctuations excited the tsunami. We show the atmospheric waves that possibly excited the tsunami based on observations detected by our own-manufactured sensors in Japan. The atmospheric fluctuations are classified into Lamb waves, acoustic waves, and gravity waves. The arrival time of the gravity wave and atmosphere-ocean coupling simulation show that the gravity wave propagated at a phase speed of 200-220 m/s, coinciding with tsunami velocity in the Pacific Ocean and suggesting that the gravity wave resonantly excited the tsunami (Proudman resonance). These observations and theory provide an essential basis for theoretical investigations of volcano-induced meteo-tsunamis, including the Tonga event.
Tsunamis are commonly generated by earthquakes beneath the ocean floor, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. The tsunami following the Tonga eruption of 2022 is believed to have been excited by atmospheric pressure fluctuations generated by the explosion of the volcano. The first, fast-traveling tsunami was excited by Lamb waves; however, it has not been clarified observationally or theoretically which type of atmospheric fluctuations excited more prominent tsunami which followd. In this study, we investigate atmospheric gravity waves that possibly excited the aforementioned subsequent tsunami based on observations and atmosphere-ocean coupling simulations. The atmospheric fluctuations are classified as Lamb waves, acoustic waves, or gravity waves. The arrival time of the gravity wave and the simulation shows that the gravity wave propagated at a phase speed of 215 m/s, coinciding with the tsunami velocity in the Pacific Ocean, and suggesting that the gravity wave resonantly excited the tsunami (Proudman resonance). These observations and theoretical calculations provide an essential basis for investigations of volcano-induced meteotsunamis, including the Tonga event.
The Kochi University of Technology (KUT) Infrasound Sensor Network contains 30 infrasound sensors which are distributed all over Japan especially in Shikoku Island. At all infrasound stations installed with three-axis accelerometers to measure the peak ground acceleration (PGA). Many earthquakes were detected by our system after establishing of the network since 2016. In this study we will focus on all the possibilities for infrasound detection generated from earthquakes using KUT sensor network and International Monitoring system (IMS) stations for the earthquakes which were detected in southern part of Japan during 2019. As for earthquakes with strike-slip mechanisms the P-waves could not be detected by our sensors. In addition, The conversion from seismic to acoustic waves can be happened through the generating of the T-phase from oceanic earthquakes. On 9 May 2019, progressive multi-channel cross correlation (PMCC) method applied infrasound and hydroacoustic waves from two earthquakes happened in west of Kyushu Island as the T-phase was well-recorded at H11N station near Wake Island. Moreover, infrasound propagation modeling is applied to the reconstructed atmosphere profile by Ground to Space Model (AVO-G2S) to confirm the infrasound arrivals, furthermore the 3D ray tracing process and the calculations by using the transmission loss equation with normal modes and parabolic equation methods are investigated. The study confirmed the infrasound generation scenario from the T-phase of oceanic propagation.
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