The main factors affecting the soil-geogrid interaction are friction, interlocking of the soil through the apertures and the soil particles size.In the present study a hypothesis assumption of modifying the conventional Biaxial Geogrid by adding cubic cogsdistributed in a sine wave order on both sides of the geogrid ribs, that could improve the soil-geogrid interaction by generate interlocking mechanism between the ribs and the soil."ICB-GGR"is the name of the proposed geogrid as an abbreviation for Isometric Cogged Biaxial Geogrid. To achieve the main goal of this study, an experimental test program wasimplemented and the conducted results wereused in executing a numerical model of the laboratory testsusing the PLAXIS 2D program. Results of the experimental tests showed improvement in shear resistance of about 50% when using the ICB-GGR in sand compared to using the Biaxial Geogrid under the same conditions. Typically, reliable numerical model has been established and achieved compliance with the experimental results by about 88%.
To understand the improved behaviour of the Isometric Cogged Biaxial Grid (ICBG), this research is devoted to evaluating the factors affecting the soil-grid interaction by separating the effect of friction, shear, and passive resistance between the soil and grid. Laboratory pull-out tests are carried out using two types of soil (sand and crushed limestone) reinforced by three different types of reinforcements, which are; a Solid Plate, a Biaxial Grid and the ICBG. It is found that the ICBG, which is a biaxial grid modified by distributing cogs on both sides of its ribs, added a new factor to the resistance mechanism, which is the interlocking with soil aggregates. This factor comprises about 34% of the resistance value. Moreover, the design of the ICBG results in greater improvement in passive resistance and introduces interlocking between the ribs and the aggregates which raises the final passive resistance by about 50% over the traditional Biaxial Grid. It is also found that for the ICBG passive resistance and the shear strength comprise about 47% of the pullout resistance, while in the case of using the Biaxial Grid the shear resistance has the demonstrative role with more than 70%.
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