Higher education institutions should take into account the needs of stakeholders in the planning and development of quality educational services. In general, the stakeholders are divided into two categories: internal and external stakeholders. This study aims to explore the diverse basic needs of the university internal stakeholders (students, academic staff, and employees) and the impact of the services on the brand image of the educational institutions. Consensus has been built that an organization's image can only be or assessed by its stakeholders or constituents. Utilizing the qualitative approach through empirical semi‐structured interviews, data were collected from both Benghazi University in the country of Libya and Yarmouk University in the country of Jordan. To gain an in‐depth understating of the basic services, interviews were conducted with 41 university internal stakeholders (students, academic staff, and employees). The findings have a remarkable impact on the education services quality and the perception of brand image of both institutions, which subsequently affects the Libyan and Jordanian economy. The paper explores the differences between the needs of the three groups. This study is of value to educational leaders as it serves as contribution to the well designing of comprehensive plans of the university, by providing the decision makers with information on the needs of the university internal stakeholders. Managements can develop policies, which will improve the safety of customers and staff and increase collaborations with both universities stakeholders, etc. Accordingly, the results provide a foundation on which future research can be built.
This comprehensive study aims to identify from a strategic perspective a new port classification approach based on port features and characteristics. Data of 3,685 ports worldwide have been collected, and 25 dimensions with 62 factors have been identified and utilized to analyze and classify ports worldwide. The K‐means clustering technique has been utilized to conduct the port classification process at several levels. First, ports have been classified into two general clusters (low capabilities and moderate‐to‐high capabilities). Then only ports with moderate‐to‐high potentials were classified and taxonomized. In addition to identifying and classifying ports with moderate‐to‐high capabilities, findings of the second round demonstrate the existence of three main clusters. The new port classification has been used to provide new insights about the top 50 terminal ports as a real case study. This innovative approach is valuable for most port‐related decision‐making situations and facilitates the global supply chain management processes.
The aim of this study is twofold. First, to explore the effect of smart human resources (HR) 4.0 practices on employee effectiveness. Second, to investigate the mediating role of employee job satisfaction in the relationship between these two latent variables. Distributing a questionnaire to gather data from a sample of HR managers and employees in Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship, the results point out that smart HR 4.0 practices as a whole construct represent a significant predictor of employee job effectiveness as measured by employee performance based on their personal, social, methodological, and technical skills. As well, the results revealed that smart HR 4.0 embodies a significant predictor of employee job satisfaction. The results found a significant effect of the latter on employee job effectiveness, a significant mediating role of employee job satisfaction was established. The study provides a theoretical basis for further studies on such effects as well as an empirical ground from which companies could start to boost employee satisfaction and effectiveness through smart HR 4.0 technologies.
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