Textile dyeing effluent is considered as one of the most environmentally unfriendly industrial processes. The study aimed to review the different types of textile dyes use in the industrial processes and their contribution to environmental pollution in South Asian countries. The article was prepared to compile all present data from different journals and website on textile dyeing effluents characterization in South Asia. A wide variety of synthetic dyes like azo dye, vat, reactive dye, disperse dye, etc. widely used in the textile sector. The result showed that some physicochemical parameters of the dyeing effluents (COD, TDS and BOD) exceeded their standard limits. The industrial effluents are affecting the main devastation to the aquaculture, agriculture, ecology, environment, and public health since the development of textile dyeing industries in these countries. Now a day, its proper supervision and curative measures like removal system have become the furthermost thoughtful tasks all over the world and the developing and transition economies countries in particular. It is imperative to take immediate steps to reduce the environmental pollution due to discharge the untreated textile dye effluents.
J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 131-144 2018
Indapamide, a low-dose thiazide-type diuretic, is used for the treatment of essential hypertension. In this study, we developed an indapamide sustained release formulation using Methocel K15 MCR (a modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), lactose and magnesium stearate considering technical feasibility and performed a comparative study with the release pattern of the reference product, Natrilix SR ® tablet. The tablets showed sustained release curves at pH 6.8 phosphate buffer for up to 12 h. The data obtained from the dissolution profiles were compared in the light of different kinetics models and the regression coefficients were also compared. The kinetics of dissolution fit the Higuchi kinetics model. The release rate decreased exponentially with the addition of Methocel K15 MCR. Indapamide release rate was observed to be the highest with the lowest concentration of Methocel K15 MCR used in the present study. On the other hand, Indapamide release rate was the lowest when Methocel K15 MCR concentration was 25%. Stability tests of the drug pellets showed no notable changes in the rate of drug release, related substances and drug content.
Palm growers in Bangladesh are currently facing problems to extract crude palm oil from FFB. The traditional method of palm oil processing is time-consuming, laborious, hazardous, and inefficient resulting in the production of low-quality oil. Though mechanical processing is costly but produces good quality Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and the oil recovery rate is high. A low-cost mechanical (manually operated) oil palm crusher was designed and febricated in the workshop of the Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The crusher was designed by using Auto-Cad software. It was fabricated according to design parameters. It is fabricated by stainless steel (SS) shaft, stainless steel cylinder, mild steel (MS) hopper, (MS) hollow bars, MS pressure case cap & Bearing. It requires a very small rotating force. The cost of the crusher is only BDT 12000, which is within the buying capacity of the farmers of Bangladesh. Crusher was mounted on the table or bench. At first 500 gm fresh palm fruits were taken for experimentation. About 300 gm mesocarp and 200 gm oil palm kernel (nuts) were found from 500 gm oil palm fruits. Heating 300 gm mesocarp about 15 minutes and was weighted 280 gm mesocarp due to moisture loss. About 62 gm crude palm oil, 124 gm oil cake, 88 gm skum were collected from 280 gm mesocarp. The average m.c (wb) of fresh palm fruit was found 20.73%. The crushing capacity of the mesocarp of the crusher was o.84 kg/hr. The rotating speed of the screw was 26 rpm. Crude oil percentage was found 22.14%. The total time to extract 62 gm crude palm oil from 500 gm of fresh fruit was 1hr and 15 minutes. The weight of the crusher is 11 kg which is easy to operate by one man. The overall performance of the crusher was found quite satisfactory and could be useful for smallholder palm growers in Bangladesh.
Progressive Agriculture 32 (1): 60-70, 2021
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