The purpose of this study is to present a systematic review of the literature on public blockchain consensus algorithms. Blockchain consensus algorithms have gain much popularity in last few years especially in the cryptocurrency field. Based on a systematic review of the relevant literature, we provide a classification of blockchain consensus algorithms, philosophy behind creation of blockchain consensus algorithms and as well as the rewards and incentive strategies of various public blockchain consensus algorithms. On the basis of these results, the research gaps and future work directions are identified for further study.
Persistent cyber threats require effective and efficient mitigation techniques. The cyber security incident response team (CSIRT) is expected to respond to external and internal cyber threats or incidents. Various organizational, national, and international level CSIRTs have been developed for defending and protecting such kinds of threats. Developing countries like Afghanistan have also formed a Computer Emergency Response Team for handling national cyber incidents although it provides limited services to only a few constituencies and depends on funding from foreign donors. Therefore, a new organizational model was proposed to provide guidelines for a specific country, instead of a provision from a constitutional context. Five national CSIRTs were compared to identify their features and characteristics to provide basis for the proposed framework. The study presented the proposed model based on two CSIRT organizational models that incorporated a new funding strategy to achieve a Sustainable National CSIRT for developing countries. Our model combined coordinate and security teams; if consists of constituency's mission, services, resources, organizational framework, and funding strategy. This study employed qualitative method by using document analysis and interview techniques. CSIRT for Afghanistan known as AFCERT was evaluated in terms of structure, services, resources, and funding. AFCERT services level were below the standard of a national CSIRT. Therefore, a more sustainable service need to be provided based on the proposed model components. Findings showed the suitability and potential of the model in controlling and mitigating cyber-attacks, more specifically in the context of Afghanistan.
Improving ICT management strategies is an ongoing
need for almost all organizations. At the same time, the challenges
that BYOD brings to the organization need to be carefully
considered. BYOD terminology can refer to related concepts,
technologies, and strategies that enable employees to use
organizational resources. The use of different databases,
applications, and personal devices such as smartphones, laptops,
tablets, and any other mobile device such as memory chips and
external hard drives can provide examples of these resources. The
implementation of BYOD has brought a clear advantage to the
organization. However, the use of BYOD in organizations can
pose some risks and threats. The main purpose of this study was to
analyze BYOD risks in Afghan organizations through
cross-sectional quantitative research methods. An online survey of
24 questions was conducted on various aspects of BYOD risk from
various organizations in Afghanistan. Through the use of raw
data, survey results related to BYOD implementation in
Afghanistan have been collected. Thus, the researchers found out
that IT staffs have a low level of awareness of the risks and
challenges of BYOD security and the latest technologies used by
Afghan organizations. Finally, recommendations have been
made.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.