In pedagogical practice as a whole there is a growing tendency of employing methods and means that stimulate and activate students to learn during the training process and to enhance their cognitive and professional competencies. An empiric study has been conducted, to discuss and analyze the level of assessment made by students, on methods for active learning stimulation. A survey has been conducted among students studying in two professional orientations. An assessment card has been developed, with main question “Lecturers stimulate active learning of students by using predominantly the following training methods”, structured in two main parts: a) assessment of methods used by the lecturers in the process of training (from 2 to 6 ascending index scale); b) lecturers create conditions for active learning of students by providing opportunity for students to ask questions; give freedom for sharing own ratiocinations; use multimedia devices; include examples from practice; relate the problem to students’ future profession; use various means and techniques (three-index responsive scale: 1 – never, 2 – sometimes, 3 – always). Scope of survey - 102 students from the Medical college at the Medical University of Pleven, from two departments - Health Care (N = 45) and Social Activities (N=57) who have participated voluntarily. The data from the survey for the first part of the question have been analyzed for each department and for the second part the total results from the survey among students from both professional orientations have been shown. Relative rate of highest index responses only are displayed in tables, as they use the highest index and show most determined, explicit choice. The three units subject to analysis, with highest rate of assessment of training methods employed by lecturers, marked by the respondents from Health Care Department are: Seminars -77,78%, Laboratory and Practice - 76,56%, Lectures - 62,22%; results for respondents from Social Activities Department: Case Solving - 68,42%; Lecture, Game Method, Situational Method - 66,68%; Project Method - 56,14%. Regarding the methods for activation of students attitude during the training process the first three places of highest absolute rate of units of analysis, the respondents determine “opportunity for students to ask questions”- 85,29%; “freedom for sharing own ratiocinations” - 82,35%; “using multimedia devices” - 79,41%. The employed methods of training define the main frame for the learning process and support the subject-subjective pedagogical interactions between lecturers and students, for achieving specific educational objects and stimulation the activity in mastering professional knowledge, for creation of a real relation between training and practice. In the training process the lecturers stimulate students’ active attitude by creating conditions for searching answers to various issues, for free expression of opinions and self-development of future specialists.
The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of ergotherapy and occupational therapy activities included in upbringing and education of children and youths with disabilities that use the social service "Family-type accommodation center". Materials and Methods: The study included 37 users using the relevant social service in the Municipality of Pleven, distributed by age groups and degree of disability. A survey was conducted with 26 employees in these Centers to determine the impact of the program on consumer development. Tests were performed to assess the skills for independent daily life. The obtained results were processed statistically to determine their significance. Results: The data from the study show a statistically significant positive impact of the selected ergo- and occupational therapy program in children and young people with disabilities raised in Family-type Centers, and is most significant in children of preschool and primary school age. The improvement in young people with severe physical and mental disabilities is expected to be insignificant, but the results of the survey of employees show a positive effect on their psycho-emotional state. Conclusion: Inclusion of an appropriate ergo- and occupational therapy program in the upbringing and education of children and young people with disabilities, who are in a disadvantaged social position and use social services, has a favorable impact on the formation of their skills for independent living.
Snakes are cold-blooded, legless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes. They belong to the order - Squamates. They conjure contradictory feelings in man: fear and honor, disgust and admiration. Snake symbol is found in almost all cultures of the world. Snake is perceived variously by different nations and different religions. In one, the snake is a symbol of the environmental forces of nature, and in others it is associated with evil and chaos. Of the 3000 species of snakes in the globe, only 400 are poisonous. The aim of the present study is to analyze the clinical course, the specific treatment and the prophylactic measures for poisonous snakes bites, the presentation of the poisonous snakes in Bulgaria and the most poisonous ones in the world. Analysis of epidemiological data in the world and in the Pleven region for the last 8 years. This study investigates clinical cases of poisonous bites in the Pleven region. Was obtained a comparative analysis of epidemiological data and methodological justification of the results. There are 18 species of snakes in Bulgaria, 4 of which are poisonous. Snakes that may pose a threat to human life are Vipera berus and the Vipera ammodytes. Definitive for snake bite is a combination of local toxic damages with general toxic effects. The bites of the Vipera berus are leading in Pleven region because of geographical peculiarities (altitude). For the period 2011 – 2018 years 63 patients with snakes bites were hospitalized. They account 1.75% of the total toxicology pathology. 52% of them are men and 48% are women. 56 % of patients were only with local symptoms, 44% were with local and general symptoms. 69% of patients were with slightly severity of the clinical course, 23% were with medium severity and 8% with high severity. Lethal cases were 0%. According to WHO data, 5 million people are exposed to bites per year. Prior to applying modern treatment methods, lethality accounts for 20-40% and in some countries up to 70%. Now, thanks to the use of anti-virus serum, the number of deaths has decreased significantly. Although there are no lethal snakes in Bulgaria, every bite is not to be underestimated due to the fact that complications for people with health problems are very severe.
A number of scientific studies give reasons to assume that children raised and educated in the „Family-type accommodation center” need additional targeted activities to learn and improve the various activities of everyday life. The aim of the present study is to determine the impact of additional occupational therapy activities on the formation of skills for independent living in children raised and educated in social services. Scope of the study: there were studied 21 children aged 7 to 12 years, users of social services with the test „Formation of skills for independent living”. Test „Leisure Management”, the evaluation is on a 3-point scale. Statistical methods are Wilcoxon rank test, t-test of Student. In the final results of the test in 80,95% of the examined children there was an improvement between 0,5 and 1 point, which is statistically significant on a 3-point scale. In the initial values of all groups of activities there is a slight difference (within 0,23), as the results are below the „average level” (2 points) in the skills for independent living. In the final measurements, the results are within 2,42; 2,38 for the second and third groups of activities and 2,08; 2,18 in the first and fourth groups of activities, which is more than the „average level”. Preparing for independent living is part of the overall process of working with children which are receiving social support. The good final results in the conducted research are due to the individual purposeful work on the implementation of the activities of the occupational therapy program for the formation of skills for independent living. The application of a set of activities for the formation of their skills for everyday life is a priority goal in the work of the responsible institutions and specialists for improving the quality of child care. The various and meaningful activities provided in their individual programs support the process of acquiring a set of knowledge and skills that they will need in the future independent life. The inclusion of appropriate occupational therapy activities for the formation of skills for independent living in children raised and educated in the „Family-type accommodation center” has a beneficial effect on the overall personal development and formation of social skills.
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