Garcinia cambogia (malabar tamarind, bitter kola) is seen abundantly in the evergreen forests of Konkan in South India. Hydroxycitric acid, mainly obtained from Garcinia cambogia, was identified by the end of the 1960's as a strong competitive inhibitor of the extramitochondrial enzyme adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase. The objective of this study was to present the effect of Garcinia cambogia extract known as weakener on the supportive or preventive hormones (leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, insulin) of obesity in the rats fed the diet containing hydrogenated-vegetable oil and cholesterol. For this purpose, thirty female 5-6 months-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group consisted of 10 rats. Group 1 (as control group) was fed with a basal diet while the diets of Groups 2 and 3 contained the hydrogenated-vegetable oil (20%) and cholesterol (1%) beside of other nutrients. Garcinia cambogia extract containing 6% hydroxycitric acid was added to the diet w/w of Group 3 after Day 30 up until Day 60. Blood samples were taken from animals on Days 0, 30 and 60 of the trial period. Body weights were weighed in the blood sampling days before sampling. Serum leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, insulin levels and body weights were not significantly different between groups in the each sampling day. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher on Day 60 than on Days 0 and 30 in Groups 2 and 3. Serum ghrelin levels in Group 3 significantly decreased on Day 30 and significantly increased on Day 60. Serum adiponectin levels in Group 1 were significantly lower on Day 0 than on other days. The levels in Group 3 were significantly higher on Day 60 than on Day 0. The serum insulin levels and body weights were not significantly different between the days in each group. In conclusion, the high lipid diet in doses used in the study (20% hydrogenated-vegetable oil and 1% cholesterol) did not create fat accumulation or obesity in Sprague Dawley rats. Addition of Garcinia cambogia to diet (6%, w/w) of rats fed with the high lipid diet indicated no effect on weight gain. The evidences obtained from this research do not support the role of Garcinia cambogia plant spreadly used as a weight loss facilitator.
Kan Leptin, Grelin ve Adiponektin Düzeylerini Etkileyen Faktörler Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Bazı gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde obezite önemli bir sağlık sorunudur ve Tip 2 diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, zayıflamış immünite, eklem rahatsızlıkları gibi birçok sağlık sorununa zemin hazırlar. Adipoz doku nöroendokrin, otonomik ve immün fonksiyonların kontrolü kadar enerji dengesinde de aktif bir rol oynar ve leptin, adiponektin ile resistin gibi adipokinleri sentezler ve salgı-lar. Obezite, gıda alımı, glukoz, insülin, kortizol, endotoksinler ve sitokinler serum leptin düzeylerini artırmaktadırlar. Gıda alımı arttığında leptin salgısı artar ve insülin direnci gelişir. Hiperleptineminin metabolik sendromun bir komponenti olduğu da bilinmektedir. Grelin, iştahı açan ve glukoz oksidasyonu ile lipogenezi uyaran bir mide peptididir. İnsanlarda ve hayvanlarda yiyecek alımını ve yağlan-mayı artırır. Düşük protein diyeti ile beslenmede grelin düzeyleri artar, yüksek yağlı diyetle beslenmede ise düşer. Adiponektin, yağ hücrelerinden dolaşıma bırakılan çok fonksiyonlu bir peptit hormondur. Bu adipokin antiinflamatuvar, antiaterojenik, antidiyabetik ve antitümör özelliklere sahiptir ve çeşitli kalp ile karaciğer hasarlarına karşı organizmayı korumaktadır. Dolaşımdaki düzeyleri obezitede düşüktür ve kilo kaybı ile birlikte artar. Adiponektin, obezite ile ilişkili patolojilerin önlenmesi ve tedavisi için yeni bir hedef olabilir. Derlemenin amacı güncel bir sağlık sorunu olan obezite ile ilişkili ve enerji dengesine aracılık eden peptitler leptin, grelin ve adiponektinin kan düzeylerinin azalması veya artmasına neden olan faktörleri birarada incelemektir.A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Obezite; leptin; grelin; adiponektin A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T Obesity is a major health problem in some developed and developing countries, and predisposes to many health problems such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, weakened immunity and joint diseases. Adipose tissue plays an active role in energy balance as well as control of the neuroendocrine, autonomic and immune functions, and synthesizes and secretes adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Obesity, food intake, glucose, insulin, cortisol, endotoxins and cytokines increase serum leptin levels. The increased food intake increases the leptin secretion, and insulin resistance occurs. Hyperleptinemia is also known to be a component of the metabolic syndrome. Ghrelin is a stomach peptide stimulating the lipogenesis, the oxidation of glucose and the appetite. Ghrelin increases food intake and lubrication in humans and animals. Low protein diet increases the ghrelin levels, and high fat diet decreases them. Adiponectin is a multifunctional peptide hormone that is released from fat cells into the circulation. This adipokine has antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic and antitumor properties and protects the organism against various heart and liver damages. The circulating levels of adiponectin is low in obesity, and increase with wei...
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