Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) can metabolize some compounds such as aromatic carboxylic acid and unsaturated aliphatic esters, arylesters, cyclic carbonate, plucuronide drugs, some carbamate insecticide classes, nerve gases, and lactone compounds. Methyl benzoate has recently been shown to display potent toxicity against several insect species. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the methyl benzoate compounds (1–17) on PON1 activity. Methyl benzoate compounds inhibited PON1 with KI values ranging from 25.10 ± 4.73 to 502.10 ± 64.72 μM. Compound 10 (methyl 4‐amino‐2‐bromo benzoate) showed the best inhibition (KI = 25.10 ± 4.73 μM). Furthermore, using the ADME‐Tox, Glide XP, and MM‐GBSA tools of the Schrödinger Suite 2021‐4, a complete ligand–receptor interaction prediction was performed to characterize the methyl benzoates (1–17), probable binding modalities versus the PON1.

Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is found in all mammalian species and is a calcium‐dependent hydrolytic enzyme. PON1 hydrolyze several substrates, including carbonates, esters, and organophosphates. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the presynthesized benzohydrazide derivatives (1–9) on PON1 activity. Benzohydrazide compounds moderate inhibited PON1 with the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 76.04 ± 13.51 to 221.70 ± 13.59 μM and KI values ranging from 38.75 ± 12.21 to 543.50 ± 69.76 μM. Compound 4 (2‐amino‐4‐chlorobenzohydrazide) showed the best inhibition (KI = 38.75 ± 12.21 μM). Molecular docking and ADME‐Tox studies of benzohydrazide derivatives were also carried out. In this context, we hope that the results obtained in this study contribute to the determination of the side effects of current and new benzohydrazide‐based pharmacological compounds to be developed.

In this study, a new affinity process was developed for the purification of Lactoperoxidase with synthesized sixteen aminobenzohydrazide derivatives. For this purpose, ligands were covalently bound to CNBr-activated Sepharose-4BÀ L-tyrosine matrix and affinity columns were prepared, and LPO was purified in one step with high yield and purity. Among all synthesized molecules, the 4-amino-3-bromo-2-methylbenzohydrazide molecule had a high usable potential in the purification of Lactoperoxidase from mammalian milk. Lactoperoxidase was purified 411.8 times with a yield of 17.38 % from goat milk, 187.25 times with a yield of 9.72 % buffalo milk, 2772.4 times with a yield of 18.98 % from bovine milk, and 1246.65 times with a yield of 4.43 % from sheep milk. It was demonstrated for the first time that aminobenzohydrazide molecules could be used as ligands in the purification of Lactoperoxidase enzyme.

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A thiol compound, glutathione, is essential for healthy cell defence against xenobiotics and oxidative stress. Glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) are two glutathione‐related enzymes that function in the antioxidant and the detoxification systems. In this study, potential inhibitory effects of methyl 4‐aminobenzoate derivatives on GR and GST were examined in vitro. GR and GST were isolated from human erythrocytes with 7.63 EU/mg protein and 5.66 EU/mg protein specific activity, respectively. It was found that compound 1 (methyl 4‐amino‐3‐bromo‐5‐fluorobenzoate with Ki value of 0.325±0.012 μM) and compound 5 (methyl 4‐amino‐2‐nitrobenzoate with Ki value of 92.41±22.26 μM) inhibited GR and GST stronger than other derivatives. Furthermore, a computer‐aided method was used to predict the binding affinities of derivatives, ADME characteristics, and toxicities. Derivatives 4 (methyl 4‐amino‐2‐bromobenzoate) and 6 (methyl 4‐amino‐2‐chlorobenzoate) were estimated to have the lowest binding energies into GR and GST receptors, respectively according to results of in silico studies.