All the four methods of dilation are equally safe and effective but both OSD and BD are advantageous in terms of lesser fluoroscopy time during dilation. OSD is much cheaper option when compared to BD, and therefore with more experience, it can become the preferable dilation method, especially in the developing countries.

No abstract

No abstract

The purpose of our study was to assess the safety and feasibility of transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (LU) in children with ureteric stones with and without a stent. Impacted ureteric stone of size ≥ 1.5 cm or ureteric stones that were refractory to shock wave lithotripsy (SWL)/ureteroscopy (URS) were considered for LU. From December 2009 to April 2012, 50 cases of LU were performed with a stent being placed. From May 2012 onward we now perform stentless LU and till now we have done approximately 64 such type of cases. Out of these, 48 have completed more than 1 year of follow-up and we took these as our study group and the previous 50 (LU with stent) as our control group. Baseline characteristics along with certain per- and postoperative findings of the two groups were noted and analyzed. Ultrasonography and X-ray kidney, ureter, and bladder region were done at 3, 9 months, 1 year, and yearly thereafter. Intravenous urography was done at 6 months statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS ver. 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States). The data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test and a value of < 0.05 was considered significant. The baseline characteristics were similar in both the groups with 100% stone clearance in all. LU with stent differed from the stentless group in terms of more requirement of analgesics and the need for a second procedure for stent removal, but with no cases of urine leak in the postoperative period. LU in children is a safe and viable option, especially for impacted stones or as a salvage procedure for ureteric stones when SWL or transureteral lithotripsy has failed.

Objectives: To compare bipolar vaporization of prostate (BPVP) with photoselective vaporization (PVP) of prostate in the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in terms of safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. Methods: Data was analyzed retrospectively for patients who underwent either PVP or BPVP between August 2012 to July 2014 for prostate size ≤ 80 ml. Preoperative and postoperative period values along with details like operative time, blood loss, hospitalization days, catheter removal time, blood transfusion and etc., were noted down. International prostatic symptom score, quality of life scores, post void residue, and maximum flow rate were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at each follow-up visit. Follow-up was performed at 1, 3, 6 ,12 and 18 months. Results: Similar preoperative characteristics were observed in all the study arms. Hemoglobin drop, transfusion rate, catheter time and hospital days were similar in both the groups. The follow-up data indicates sustainable significant improvement in international prostatic symptom score, quality of life, post void residue and maximum flow rate in both the groups. As expected the cost of the procedure was significantly more in PVP group as compared to BPVP group (p < 0.01). Neither group had severe perioperative complications and no blood transfusion was required in both the groups. Conclusion: Both PVP and BPVP were safe and effective alternatives in men requiring surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia including patients who were on anticoagulants. Additionally, BPVP has the advantage of being significantly cheaper and therefore it can be more useful in developing countries.