NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
Publisher's statement:Please refer to the repository item page, publisher's statement section, for further information.For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: wrap@warwick.ac.uk.Quasi in-situ analysis of geometrically necessary dislocation density in α-fibre and γ-fibre during static recrystallization in cold-rolled low-carbon Ti-V bearing microalloyed steel Abstract In the present study, cold-rolled low-carbon steel is annealed at three different conditions: 700 o C for 0 s, 800 o C for 0 s and 800 o C for 2 min at the heating rate of ~10 o C/s. Recrystallization behaviour on sample surface is studied using a heated stage Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Backscattered Diffraction. For the lower annealing temperature of 700 o C with no dwell, almost no recrystallization is observed and microstructure resembles the as-received deformed material with the exception of occasional sub-micron sized nuclei. For the annealing conditions of 800 o C 0 s and 800 o C 2 min, onset and evolution of recrystallization is observed in-situ as a function of the initial as-cold rolled texture. Slower recovery rate of alpha fibre than gamma fibre is observed and confirmed by lower drop in average geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density for un-recrystallized alpha fibres(1.1E+14 m -2 for 700 o C 0 s , 1.4E+14 m -2 for 800 o C 0 s and 4.5E+14 m -2 for 800 o C 2 min) than for un-recrystallized gamma fibre grains (3.0E+14 m -2 for 700 o C 0 s , 6.2E+14 m -2 for 800 o C 0 s and 9.8E+14 m -2 for 800 o C 2 min) during annealing. Strong gamma texture in recrystallized matrix is found for annealing conditions of 800 o C 0 s and 800 o C 2 min. From TEM characterisation it was shown that sub-grain boundaries are decorated with fine precipitates (diameter d < 15 nm) of titanium-vanadium carbides (Ti,V)C for the annealing condition of 700 o C 0 s, which suggests that these precipitates play a major overall role in retardation of the recrystallization kinetics.
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There is a growing drive within the steel industry to increase scrap usage in the Blast Furnace (BF)-Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) integrated route and extend the scrap-based Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) route for steel production due to the resultant reduced energy costs and CO 2 emissions and the abundant steel scrap supply in the UK. In general, steel scrap may contain high levels of undesirable residual elements, which may have pronounced effects on the casting process of steel production. This article critically reviews current metallurgical understanding about the behaviour of various residual elements, individually and synergistically at high (>1200°C) and low (<1200°C) temperatures during the casting process, with a focus on local enrichment and cracking caused by the residual elements. This review article aims to help the steel community to increase the utilisation of steel scrap for steel production by identifying the current constraints and opportunities.
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