Pulmonary vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rarely encountered disease entity with varied clinical presentations. It has been reported to be associated with underlying lung malignancy in multiple case reports. Diagnosis can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms on presentation. Herein, we report a 67-year-old male patient with a history of extensive smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who presented with multiple hemoptysis episodes. CT scan of the chest with contrast showed multiple right lower lobe (RLL) lung masses and a thrombus in the inferior pulmonary vein. After various imaging modalities and transthoracic biopsy of the lung mass, the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary vein tumor thrombus secondary to poorly differentiated bronchogenic carcinoma with intracardiac extension. The patient was started on Eliquis for anticoagulation and is currently in the process of beginning chemo/radiation therapy for the underlying malignancy.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term medication to limit the development of its ruinous complications. The complications of diabetes are metabolic imbalance, blood vessel degeneration; effect on electrolyte concentration can offset the proportion of electrolytes. Since there is a direct association of serum electrolytes with diabetes mellitus (DM), the study was planned to investigate the electrolytes disturbance and their association with glycemic status in T2DM patients. This was cross-sectional hospital-based study; 60 participants who were diagnosed to have T2DM between the age group 30 to 60 years were recruited. Fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin and serum electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were estimated. Descriptive statistics was expressed as mean & SD. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to find the association and degree of relationship between serum electrolytes and glycemic status in T2DM. All the biochemical parameters were altered in T2DM patients. There was no significant association between FBS, HbA1c and serum electrolytes. The present study showed an alteration in electrolytes status, but there was no statistically significant association between fasting blood glucose, glycemic control and serum electrolytes consideration of the multifactorial origin of electrolyte imbalance, a cause-specific treatment is required to avoid any risk.

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