Tannase is an inducible industrially important enzyme, produced by several microorganisms. A large number of bacteria have reported as tannase producers; however, some of them are pathogenic in nature. Therefore, it is quite uncertain whether the application of these tannase enzymes from such pathogenic bacteria is suitable for industries and human welfare. Till date, there is no clear evidence regarding which group of bacteria (nonpathogenic or pathogenic) is better suited for their application in the edge of industries with particular reference to the food industry. The present study is following the findings of the above queries. In this study, a large number of tannase protein sequences have been retrieved from the databases, including both non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacterial species. Physiochemical and evolutionary properties of those sequences have been evaluated. Results have shown that non-pathogenic bacterial tannase possesses a high number of acidic and basic amino acid residues as compared to their pathogenic counterparts. The acidic and basic amino acid residues of tannase provide unique microenvironment to it. In the other hand, the numbers of disorder forming residues are higher in tannase sequences of pathogenic bacteria. The study of tannase microenvironment leads in the formation of salt bridges, which finally favoring the stability and proper functioning of tannase. This is the first report of such observation on tannase enzyme using in silico approach. Study of the microenvironment concept will be helpful in protein engineering.
The present study is concerned with the evaluation of tannase and gallic acid production efficacy of Bacillus licheniformis KBR6 under different environmental conditions through submerged fermentation. Results have shown that different environmental conditions and mineral sources have differential influences on tannase and gallic acid production. Highest tannase and gallic acid yield was observed at incubation period of 18 h and 22 h, respectively. At tannic acid concentration of 15 g/l, maximum cell mass (0.75 g/l), cell yield coefficient (0.08 g/g), specific growth rate (37.5 mg/g/h), tannase yield (16.3 U/g) and specific tannase production rate (0.80 U/g/h) were observed, however, at higher tannic acid concentration a decrease in tannase yield and production rate were observed, but gallic acid production increased with increasing tannic acid concentration. Additional carbohydrate sources like glucose, fructose, and lactose showed positive influence on enzyme yield. Among the studied nitrogen sources urea and NH4Cl, and of the phosphate sources KH2PO4 showed favourable effects on cell growth and simultaneous enzyme and gallic acid production. Temperature of 35 °C was found to be optimum for tannase and gallic acid production. Of all the studied metal ions Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ showed positive effect whereas, Co2+, Ag2+, Pb2+, Hg2+ showed inhibitory effects.
The district Uttar Dinajpur of West Bengal is bestowed with very fertile soil, which helps to grow paddy and other agricultural crops. Cultivation of indigenous rice has been practiced by farmers since ancient times. Indigenous rice has several socio-economic, ecological and genetical aspects but the major problem lies in their comparatively low output. The diversity of indigenous rice landraces has been drastically reduced due to the introduction of high yielding varieties (HYVs). Through extensive survey it has been found that about 74 indigenous rice land races were available in different blocks of the district, but among them only about 20 varieties are now in farmers' hand while more than 70% of them are not cultivated in practical field. In India, the indigenous aromatic rice landrace Tulaipanji (GI 530) is only grown in Raiganj sub-division of Uttar Dinajpur and small pockets of Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal. Due to its aroma and quality this rice could make the position in global market through proper marketing. A phylogenetic study of the rice landraces has been performed and observed that only three of them i.e., Tulaipanji, Radhunipagal and Gobindavog are closely related to each other, which also has the close lineage with the Asian wild-rice (Oryza rufipogon). Today's society demands the interaction and incorporation of scientific technology for the upliftment of indigenous rice landrace sustainable cultivation. Really it has the immense scope and prospects, which ultimately save the human life from notorious diseases.
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