While most RF-sensing approaches proposed in the literature rely on short-distance indoor point-to-point instrumentations, actual large-scale installation of RF sensing suggests the use of ubiquitously available cellular systems. In particular, the 5th generation of the wireless communication standard (5G) is envisioned as a universal communication means also for Internet of Things devices. In this paper, we investigate environmental perception capabilities in cellular systems, with special focus on the upcoming 5G communications standard. In particular, we analyze the perception capabilities of existing cellular installations in the GSM band, which is expected to be used for 5G IoT. Our instrumentation exploits a passive system capitalizing on environmental RF-noise. In addition, utilizing a prototypical 5G system with 52 OFDM carriers over 12.48 MHz bandwidth at 3.45 GHz, we consider the impact of the number and choice of channels and compare the recognition performance with acceleration-based sensing. Our results in realistic settings with five subjects suggest that accurate recognition of activities and environmental situations can be a reliable implicit service of future 5G installations.
Objective: To evaluate patient`s and parent`s perception of removable functional, fixed functional, and fixed mechanotherapy appliances (braces) and to compare their impacts on anxiety and discomfort during treatment in different age groups and genders. Method: Information was obtained through a questionnaire that included items believed to be consistent with compliance with orthodontics. A survey was used to measure the experiences of patients and family. Three groups were formed: functional removable (RF), functional fixed (FF) and fixed mechanotherapy (braces). For the patients and their families, two different questionnaires were used that included the necessary context. Data analysis was carried out using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: It took less time for patients to adjust to the Fixed functional system. Patients in the removable group found feeding difficulties. Adolescents with a removable appliance who had undergone effective orthodontic treatment had difficulty controlling their saliva. The expectations of patients and parents were found to be compatible with one another. Conclusion: Adolescents with set equipment who had undergone effective orthodontic treatment had more difficulties with their daily lives. Orthodontists should be mindful of this effect of successful orthodontic treatment and should inspire patients on a regular basis by reminding them of the changes to be made by repairing malocclusion.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.