Generation of spatio-temporal information such as land use system and management practices is one of the key ingredients for carrying out the regional level agro-ecosystem modelling. However, at the regional level availability of such data is scarce, where analysis of a cropping system is essential and a pre-requisite for studying the overall sustainability of the agricultural production system. The present investigation was carried out to identify the actually practised cropping pattern and their mapping in Hisar district of Haryana (India) using Multi-Data Approach (MDA). Multi-date sentinel-1 for the rabi season of 2019 was classified using multi-phase unsupervised classification approach and classes of interest were identified. Finally, classified images were subjected to logical combinations which helped in generating crop classification maps and statistics. Results showed that cropping pattern of the district exhibited huge variations and area under wheat was observed to be highest (204.76 thousand ha) in comparison to mustard crop (64.42 thousand ha) and least was under the sugarcane crop (0.97 thousand ha). Some other crops like vegetables and horticultural crops were also identified during this period, but the major crops that were identified during rabi 2019 were wheat and mustard. Hence, regional crop classification using sentinel-1 data appears to be a valuable tool for predicting a specific regions cropping pattern, which is considered to be the most significant aspect of an agricultural production system.
Background: Symbiotic association with different microbes is an integral and ecologically vital component of legumes. Most previous studies focused on sole application of microbial agents, with limited studies investigating the effects of co-inoculation of different microbial agents under different tillage practices on soil properties. The current study aimed to assess the effect of tillage practice and seed treatment with different biofertilizers inoculations on the soil chemical properties and nodulation under faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop. Methods: The study was conducted in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with two tillage system viz., T1: Conventional tillage (CT), T2: Zero tillage (ZT) and eight biofertilizer inoculation combinations of Rhizobium spp., phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) replicated three times during rabi 2019-20. Result: Zero tillage and biofertilizer inoculations significantly increased organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus content of the soil. The number of nodules/plant, nodules fresh and dry weight/plant were recorded significantly higher in ZT as compared to CT and in seed treatment with Rhizobium spp. + PSB + VAM over other inoculations except Rhizobium spp. + VAM. The content of DTPA (Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate)-extractable Fe and Mn in soil was significantly enhanced by seed treatment with biofertilizer.
AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)’s hyphae and spore walls releases a special kind of glycoprotein i.e. Glomalin. AMF belongs to the phylem Glomeromycota which was previously known as Zygomycota. There exists a symbiotic relationship of this fungi with terrestrial plants (~80%), that includes major commercial species viz. wheat, sorghum, corn, and forage species. AMF strongly binds and firmly hold the walls of hyphae and spores. On decomposition of hyphae, glomalin is released in soil. Glomalin depicts recalcitrant behavior and hydrophobic characteristics, and hence prevent the loss of water and nutrients from hyphae (ERM). It can remain as such in soil for years. It’s half-life in soil can vary from 6-42 years thus placing it in the category of stable biomolecules. Glomalin Related Soil Protein (GRSP) is quite abundant in wide range of soil The GSRP were found in relative abundance in a wide range of soils (2-15 mg g-1), whether it is acid or calcareous or under various crops, such as cereals, vegetables, forage, and agroforestry systems. It plays a significant role in enhancing the soil organic carbon as it acts as an effective carbon sink. It possess strong cementing ability and hence binds the aggregates to enhance structural stability and prevent loss of carbon and nitrogen. GRSP positively correlates with the carbon present in soil.
Maize has become a staple food in many countries of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. The efficient use of water by modern irrigation systems is becoming immensely important in arid and semi-arid parts of the country with limited water resources. Dripirrigation has increasingly applied in maize (Zea mays L.) production in sub-humid regions also. It is critical to quantify irrigation requirements during different growth stages of maize under diverse climatic conditions. Maize is one of the most versatile emerging crops having wider adaptability under varied agro-climatic conditions in different parts of the world. Globally, maize is known as the queen of cereals because it has the highest genetic yield potential among different cereal crops. It is cultivated in many countries having a wider diversity of soil, climate, biodiversity, and management practices.
The present investigation was conducted out at Research Farm, Department of forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to assess the influence of different agroforestry system on dynamic soil physical parameters. Soil samples were collected randomly from varying depths viz. 0-15, 15-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm from different agroforestry system viz. Poplar + wheat, Eucalyptus + barley, Melia + wheat, Shisham + mustard, wheat, barley and mustard. Analysis of different physical properties was done at all depths except infiltration rate. Infiltration rate was observed at surface depth (0-15 cm) only. Soil texture, being a static property was not found to be affected by agroforestry system. Non-significant effect was observed in case of soil texture among different agroforestry system. Poplar + wheat recorded maximum infiltration rate which was at par with Eucalyptus + barley, Melia+ wheat and Shisham + mustard agroforestry system. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was maximum under Eucalyptus + barley based agroforestry system. Theresult of the study showed that tree-based agroforestry system can significantly improve the soil physical properties.
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