Across the world, there has been a movement from traditional to modern eating, including a movement of traditional eating patterns from their origin culture to new cultures, and the emergence of new foods and eating behaviors. This trend toward modern eating is of particular significance because traditional eating has been related to positive health outcomes and sustainability. Yet, there is no consensus on what constitutes traditional and modern eating. The present study provides a comprehensive compilation of the various facets that seem to make up traditional and modern eating. Specifically, 106 facets were mentioned in the previous literature and expert discussions, combining international and interdisciplinary perspectives. The present study provides a framework (the TEP10 framework) systematizing these 106 facets into two major dimensions, what and how people eat, and 12 subdimensions. Hence, focusing only on single facets of traditional and modern eating is an oversimplification of this complex phenomenon. Instead, the multidimensionality and interplay between different facets should be considered to gain a comprehensive understanding of the trends, consequences, and underlying factors of traditional and modern eating.

teaches introductory psychology, psychophysiology and experimental psychology Although his primary research concern is biofeedback in psychophysiology, he is currently studying the guilty knowledge test in a laboratory setting. ABSTRACT There are two main types of psychophysiological detection of deception in field practice: the guilty knowledge test (GKT) and the control question test (CQT). A sUYlley carried out for members of the American Psychological Association and the Society [or PsychophysiologicalResearch proved that mallY of the members consider that the GKT is superior to the CQT in its validity. Moreover, several experimental studies reported that the GKT produces fewer false positive errors (classifying an innocent suspect as guilty) than the CQT. In spite of these issues, the GKT is used less in North America and there are several researchers who insist that it is inapplicable in real-life criminal investigations. 111 Japan, however, the GKT has been extensively and successfully used in criminal investioations since the 1950s. Moreover, basic studies of the GKT, such as visual presentations of evidence, an automated diagnostic method by a computer and detecting guilty knowledge by using event-related brain potentials, are actively carried out in many Japanese laboratories to improve the method 5 reliability. In an effort to encourage the application of the GKT as an effective and scientific method in criminal investigations, this paper describes the status of the GKT in Japan.

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Traditional Japanese dietary culture might be a factor contributing to the high life expectancy in Japan. As little is known about what constitutes traditional and modern eating in Japan, the aims of the current study were to (1) comprehensively compile and systematize the various facets of traditional and modern eating; and (2) investigate whether these facets also apply to traditional and modern eating in Japan. In Study 1, an extensive international literature review was performed. Forty-five facets of traditional and modern eating were compiled and systematized into the dimensions of what and how people eat, and into eleven separate subdimensions. In Study 2, 340 adults from Japan answered a questionnaire. Results showed that traditional and modern eating in Japan is reflected in both what and how people eat. Within these two dimensions, ten subdimensions were found: the ingredients, processing, temporal origin, spatial origin, and variety of consumed foods, as well as temporal, spatial, and social aspects, appreciation, and concerns when eating. This study provides a broad compilation of facets of traditional and modern eating in Japan. Future research should investigate how these facets are related to life expectancy and health.

Eighty four sets of GKT field data (52 guilty and 32 innocent persons) were analyzed for tonic level of heart rate and respiration rate during polygraph interrogation. The innocent persons in our sample showed consistently lower heart rate than guilty persons and revealed significant decrease over the course of interrogation, whereas guilty persons did not. Respiration rate was not significantly different between these two groups. Although it is popularly believed that a naïve person tends to show and maintain higher cardiovascular and respiratory activity during polygraphy, and that this makes polygraph interrogation ineffective, such is not the case at least in the GKT polygraph.