Spelt wheat, Triticum spelta L., has been proved to be rich-sources of useful genes for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and grain quality. But this crop plant has some undesirable traits including glume tenacity and brittle rachis. Free-threshing and reduced fragility of rachis are very important traits for cultivation. The objectives in the present study were to investigate genetic variation of rachis fragility in a wide range of spelt accessions, to examine its genetic segregation pattern, and to clarify if rachis fragility is associated with dosage of chromosome 5A in aneuploid lines of bread wheat. The results demonstrated that spelt germplasm contains a wide range of rachis toughness, and thus selection of spelt wheat with desirable characteristics combined with an appropriate level of tough rachis would be possible. Spike morphology in the F 2 plants was segregated into the three types, square-headed, speltoid, and compactoid. The F 2 plants with compactoid spikes had the most brittle rachis, followed by the speltoid and square-headed spike F 2 plants. Rachis fragility in bread wheat also had genetic variation and was associated with dosage of chromosome 5A.
The previously estimated carbonyl compounds1) contained in the caustic alkali soluble fraction of the essential oil of the Japanese flue cured tobacco leaf was identified as crotonal dehyde, and the presence of a-pyrrylmethylketone in this phenol fraction was also proved. On the other hand, the constituents and contents of carbonyl and phenolic compounds, contained in this fraction before redrying, were compared with those of after redrying and aging. In the course of redrying and aging stages, phenolic compounds having the carbonyl group and the carbonyl compounds of this fraction increased, but the phenolic compounds having no carbonyl group decreased.Methylsalicylate could not be found in that fraction before redrying, but m-cresol was newly isolated and identified.
An investigation was conducted on the phenolic compounds in the essential oil of Virginia tobacco leaves. Phenol, guaiacol, salicyl aldehyde, methylsalicylate, lauric acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid were isolated and identified. Unknown low boiling substance and some carbonyl compounds were isolated through this work, and were also investigated.
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