To investigate the association between reduced prophylactic diazepam usage and short-term recurrence of febrile seizures (FSs) after the FS practice guideline was updated in Japan. Method: In this single-center, retrospective study, children (6-60 months of age) with FS who were transported to our center by ambulance from January 2011 through December 2018 were included. Rectal administration of diazepam (0.3-0.5 mg/kg) after the first seizure and seizure recurrence within 24 h were compared between 2011-2015 (pre-guideline revision) and 2016-2018 (post-guideline revision).
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