Abstract. B7-H3 is a member of the B7 family thought to be a co-regulatory factor of antigen-specific T-cell immune response via co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors. We evaluated its potential expression in head and squamous cell carcinoma (Scc) cell lines, and in clinical tissue samples obtained from 37 patients with human hypopharyngeal Scc. all head and neck Scc cell lines tested expressed both the B7-H3 gene and cell surface protein. the staining intensity of immunoreactivity by tumor cells was blindly evaluated by two head and neck surgeons and the results were categorized into 4 grades according to staining intensity. eighty-seven percent of patients expressed B7-H3. B7-H3 expression was inversely correlated with the number of tumor infiltrating CD8 + t-cells (r=-0.4339, p=0.023). Patients who developed distant metastasis after tumor-free periods showed significantly higher B7-H3 expression scores compared to patients who did not develop distant metastasis during follow-up periods (p=0.048). Distant metastasis control ratio in patients with strong B7-H3 expression was significantly lower compared to that in patients with no to intermediate B7-H3 expression (p=0.040). causespecific survival ratio in patients with strong B7-H3 expression was significantly lower compared to that in patients with no to intermediate B7-H3 expression (p=0.028). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that strong B7-H3 expression was an independent prognostic factor in tumor-specific death in hypopharyngeal SCC (hazard ratio: 9.803, confidence interval: 0.018-0.539, p=0.0110).
IntroductionHypopharyngeal Scc is one of the most aggressive head and neck tumor. Hypopharyngeal Scc tend to present with advanced primary disease, and nodal metastasis is highly likely. the most important features determining prognosis are the size and extent of local spread of the primary carcinoma and the extent of involvement of regional lymph nodes. Distant metastasis at presentation is more common in hypopharyngeal cancers than in other head and neck cancers (1). approximately 80% of hypopharyngeal cancer is stage iii or iV at presentation, with locally advanced disease present in the majority, and it has been estimated that 20% are inoperable at the time of diagnosis (2-4). owing to its extremely high malignant potential, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and often recurs even after curative therapies. Despite recent improvements in diagnostic imaging, radiation and chemotherapy, and improved surgical techniques, there has not been significant impact on the survival of patients with hypopharyngeal SCC (1). Therefore, strenuous efforts to find novel cancer-related molecules for diagnosis and targeted therapeutic procedure will be required to predict and improve prognosis of the patients with hypopharyngeal Scc.one mechanism that has been reported for tumor-associated immune suppression in certain cancers is the aberrant expression of inhibitory t-cell co-regulatory molecules by tumor cells (5-15). Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL...
This study demonstrates that ventilatory compromise only occurs following faulty reinnervation. Bilateral PCA stimulation can restore ventilation and exercise tolerance completely without aspiration over the long term.
This study demonstrates that severe ventilatory compromise only occurs following faulty reinnervation of laryngeal muscles. Bilateral PCA stimulation can result in complete rehabilitation of ventilation and exercise tolerance without impairment of swallowing.
PCA stimulation with low frequency reduced synkinetic reinnervation by foreign RGC motoneurons. Paradoxical closure of the glottis with inspiration was reduced and exercise tolerance restored to normal.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.