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Objective To evaluate the perception of rheumatologists regarding the recommendations of the Brazilian Consensus for detection of Autoantibodies (BCA) on HEp-2 Cells by Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and how BCA recommendations help in clinical practice. Methodology A structured questionnaire regarding the BCA recommendations for detection and interpretations of autoantibodies in HEp-2 cells was applied to randomly selected rheumatologists. The results were tabulated using the Microsoft® Excel program, expressed as a simple percentage and the dichotomous data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Epi Info® program. Results Four hundred fuorteen rheumatologists participated in the study: 70% of them considered their knowledge of the HEp-2 IFA test satisfactory or excellent, and 43% said they knew the BCA recommendations in general, without distinguishing the edition of the BCA to which they refer. The Revista Brasileira de Rheumatologia/Advances in Rheumatology was the means of dissemination most consulted by specialists (50%). According to the rheumatologists’ opinion, the most relevant pattern was the homogeneous nuclear (78%) and 65% stated they were satisfied with the BCA recommendations at a level of satisfaction greater than or equal to 80%. There was no significant difference in the perception of rheumatologists from the several Brazilian geographic regions. Conclusion Brazilian rheumatologists are aware of the BCA guidelines and most are satisfied with the content published, considering that the BCA recommendations assist positively in the clinical practice. Most rheumatologists recognize the patterns associated with rheumatic autoimmune diseases and have used BCA recommendations to interpret the results of the HEp-2 IFA test.

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Objetivo: Descrever os principais mecanismos e efeitos da imunoterapia no tratamento complementar do Diabetes Mellitus tipo I (DM1). Métodos: Estudo descritivo do tipo revisão bibliográfica integrativa. Utilizou-se as bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Periódicos CAPES e SciELO, usando os descritores “"Diabetes Mellitus Type 1"[Mesh]”, “Immunotherapy” e o operador booleano “AND”, recorte temporal de 2010 a 2022 e seleção de artigos apresentando texto completo em inglês, português ou espanhol, excluindo artigos que não se enquadravam nessa descrição. Resultados: O uso de anticorpos monoclonais, transplante de células-tronco, células T adotivas e células T regulatórias foram as principais imunoterapias utilizadas, alcançando como resultado o bloqueio de citocinas inflamatórias, estímulo da preservação de células beta pancreáticas, destruição de células imunológicas efetoras e aumento da tolerância imunológica respectivamente, demonstrando a imunoterapia como uma terapia complementar de grande potencial para o tratamento complementar do DM1. Considerações finais: Ainda faltam estudos mais aprofundados na literatura acerca dos diferentes e possíveis mecanismos de ação e efeitos a longo prazo das imunoterapias para DM1.

Objective To report our five-years experience on the use of NLRP3 inflammasome functional assays in the differential diagnosis of Brazilian patients with a clinical suspicion of CAPS. Patients and methods: The study included 9 patients belonging to 2 families (I, II) and 7 unrelated patients with a clinical suspicion of AID according to Eurofever/PRINTO classification, recruited between 2017 and 2022. The control group for the NLRP3 functional assay consisted of 10 healthy donors and for the CBA cytokines measurement of 19 healthy controls. Patients underwent clinical evaluation, genetic and functional analysis. Results: All members of the family I received the diagnosis of Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS), carried the NLRP3 Thr348Met variant and resulted positive for the functional assay. The 2 patients of the family II resulted negative for the mutational screening but positive for the functional assay compatible with a MWS clinical phenotype. In 2 unrelated patients with NLRP3 mutations, including a novel mutation (​​Gly309Val, Asp303His), a positive functional test confirmed the clinical diagnosis of NOMID. 3 unrelated MWS and 1 FCAS patients resulted negative to the genetic screening and positive for the functional test. One patient with a FCAS-like phenotype harbored the NLRP12 His304Tyr variant confirming the diagnosis of FCAS2. Conclusion: The NLRP3 inflammasome functional assay can assist the clinical diagnosis of CAPS even in patients with unknown genetic defects.