The autochthonous bacterial communities of an oil sludge showed a strong potential to adapt and degrade PAH when they were subjected to alternating anoxic/oxic conditions, as well as under an oxic condition. In addition, changes in the bacterial communities were related to the different phases of hydrocarbon degradation, and the removal efficiency of PAH was similar in both switching and permanent oxic conditions. This methodology could be useful for an alternative solution of oil sludge treatment with a low-cost processing, as its efficiency is similar to that of a permanent oxic incubation which is more expensive in oxygen supply.
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