Abstract. The application field of static analysis techniques for objectoriented programming is getting broader, ranging from compiler optimizations to security issues. This leads to the need of methodologies that support reusability not only at the code level but also at higher (semantic) levels, in order to minimize the effort of proving correctness of the analyses. Abstract interpretation may be the most appropriate approach in that respect. This paper is a contribution towards the design of a general framework for abstract interpretation of Java programs. We introduce two generic abstract domains that express type, structural, and sharing information about dynamically created objects. These generic domains can be instantiated to get specific analyses either for optimization or verification issues. The semantics of the domains are precisely defined by means of concretization functions based on mappings between concrete and abstract locations. The main abstract operations, i.e., upper bound and assignment, are discussed. An application of the domains to source-to-source program specialization is sketched to illustrate the effectiveness of the analysis.

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This chapter applies the template proposed by Opdahl and Henderson-Sellers to the Goal-oriented Requirements Engineering Language (GRL). It proposes a metamodel of GRL that identifies the constructs of the language and the links between them. Each construct is then described through the template in order to extract and formalise detailed syntactic and semantic information. The latter takes the form of a mapping between a construct and its meaning, defined in terms of the Bunge-Wand-Weber ontology. Evaluations of both GRL and the template are provided as well as suggestions for improvements. The purpose of our work is to improve the quality of goal modelling. Indeed, despite the increasing popularity of the goal-oriented paradigm, especially in requirements engineering and enterprise modelling, the central notion of goal remains one of the most controversial. A possible cause might be that researchers have devoted too little attention to studying the ontological foundations of goal-oriented languages. This chapter addresses such issues for GRL.

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