Although it is well accepted that linguistic naming conventions provide valuable insights into the social and linguistic perceptions of people, this topic has not received much attention in sociolinguistics. Studies focus on the etymology of names, details about the social and historical circumstances of their emergence, and their users, and sometimes make recommendations about the appropriateness of terms. This article departs from this tradition. Focusing on the term "Takitaki" in French Guiana, it shows that an analysis of the discursive uses of language names by all local actors provides significant insights into the social and linguistic makeup of a complex sociolinguistic situation. Descriptions of languages in such settings should be based on the varieties identified by such an analysis and on practices in a range of naturalistic interactions. Based on these analytical steps, the authors propose a multi-perspective approach to language documentation. (Naming conventions, language ideology, linguistic description, linguistic practices, discourse analysis, contact linguistics, linguistic anthropology, Suriname Creoles, French Guiana.)* I N T R O D U C T I O N Although it is well accepted that a name for a language (or people) is never neutral but always "exists in a dialectical relationship with social cognition and social behavior" (Smitherman 1991:117), the potential of names for shedding

Multilinguisme et hétérogénéité des pratiques langagières. Nouveaux chantiers et enjeux du Global South 1Cet article présente d'abord quelques travaux récents dans l'étude du multilinguisme et de ses conséquences -linguistiques et sociales -en insistant sur des aspects méthodologiques. Il se fonde sur des exemples provenant de terrains situés dans les Suds et sur l'analyse de pratiques langagières hétérogènes qui obligent à revoir les catégories descriptives traditionnelles. Il présente ensuite des domaines -comme autant de chantiers à explorerdans lesquels les enjeux du Global South sont particulièrement criants : dans le domaine de la citoyenneté linguistique (plutôt que des droits linguistiques), dans le domaine de l'éducation plurilingue et interculturelle et dans le domaine de la santé. This paper first presents recent works in the study of multilingualism and its linguistic and social consequences, focusing on methodology. It is based on Southern case studies and heterogeneous language practices which invalidate traditional descriptive categories. It focuses then on domains with striking socio-political issues of the Global South: linguistic citizenship rather than linguistic rights, multilingual and multicultural Education and Health.

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(176 words)This article examines the case of Kali'na, a minority Indigenous language of French Guiana, from the point of view of descriptive categories available in the literature (namely dominated language, minoritized language, endangered language). These terms are discussed, favouring more dynamic categories which focus on processes (minoritization/deminoritization). The article uses both micro-and macrosociolinguistic levels of analysis. At the macro level, indicators are proposed to gauge the minorization of Kali'na as it occurs on the scale of Guiana as a whole, by observing attitudes towards Kali'na language and culture, particularly as expressed in the media and in epilinguistic comments made by speakers. At the local level, we explore the effects of the recognition by the State of a Kali'na township and their influence on language minoritization in the village and more generally at the level of the linguistic community. We also attempt to determine to what extent, as far as interactions are concerned, alternations and code switching between Kali'na and French might constitute indicators of the process of minoritization or deminoritization or of language death currently underway.

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