Volume 3, Número 2 (mai./ago. 2018) pp: 184-190. www.kentron.ifal.edu.br/index.php/diversitas_journal © Diversitas Journal RESUMO: Originário da América do Norte, o girassol, Helianthus annus L., é uma dicotiledônea anual, adaptada às mais diversas condições edafoclimáticas, cultivada em todos os continentes. No Nordeste Brasileiro, tem-se buscado estabelecer práticas de cultivo do girassol que permitam viabilizar sua exploração sob técnicas racionais e econômicas, principalmente, por ser uma planta de grande exigência nutricional. Nesse sentido objetivou-se com o presente trabalho conhecer o desenvolvimento fenológico do girassol Helianthus annuus L., em diferentes tipos de tratamentos com esterco animal. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação situada na Universidade Estadual de Alagoas-UNEAL Campus I no período de outubro de 2016 a janeiro de 2017, o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (solo com esterco bovino, solo com esterco caprino, solo com esterco aviário e solo sem esterco) e cinco repetições. De acordo com os resultados obtidos constatou-se que houve um bom índice de germinação das sementes de girassol -IG com 95%. Os resultados demonstraram que, não houve diferença significativa no desenvolvimento fenológico das plantas de girassol cultivadas nos diferentes tipos tratamento com esterco animal ricos em matéria orgânica, levando em conta a comparação com os girassóis cultivados em solo sem esterco. O girassol teve um bom desenvolvimento com os fertilizantes naturais, e os substratos utilizados possibilitou observar que esse desenvolvimento foi o resultado de material rico em matéria orgânica e nutrientes necessários à planta. ABSTRACT:Originally from North America, the sunflower, Helianthus annus L., is an annual dicotyledon, adapted to the most diverse edaphoclimatic conditions, cultivated in all the continents. In the Northeast of Brazil, it has been tried to establish practices of sunflower cultivation that allow its exploitation under rational and economic techniques, mainly because it is a plant of great nutritional requirement. The objective of this work was to know the phenological development of the sunflower Helianthus annuus L. in different types of animal manure treatments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse located at the State University of Alagoas-UNEAL Campus I from October 2016 to January 2017, the experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (soil with bovine manure, soil with goat manure, soil with manure and soil without manure) and five replicates. According to the results obtained it was verified that there was a good germination index of the seeds of sunflower -GI with 95%. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the phenological development of sunflower plants grown in the different types of organic manure rich in animal manure, considering the comparison with sunflowers grown in soil without manure. The sunflower had a good development with the natural fertilizers, and the ...

We evaluated the bioactivity of Morinda citrifolia L., Rubiaceae on Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and quantified the phenolic components. Ethanolic extracts of leaves and fruits were used in five concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 mg / L). The leaves of the plants were immersed in the solution (10 s) and placed in contact with five caterpillars of the same instar in Petri dishes. The caterpillars were kept under controlled conditions, temperature of 25 ± 1 ° C, and relative humidity of 65 ± 10%, photophase of 12 h. The experimental design was completely randomized with five concentrations, five replicates with two different extracts, the control being distilled water. The phenolic composition of the extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) based on the retention times using the standard external method. Leaf extracts and fruits of M. citrifolia had bioinseticidal activity against caterpillars (leaves at 0.02 mg / L gave 100% mortality and fruits at 0.03 mg / L gave 46.08% mortality). The greater efficiency of leaves can be attributed to their high percentage of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in extracts of leaves and fruits that showed significant bioactivity.

O pulgão (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) (Hemiptera:Aphididae) é uma praga-chave da couve (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) causadora de danos devido à sucção de seiva nas folhas. Objetivou-se avaliar a ação inseticida do extrato da Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae) sobre o pulgão (B. brassicae) em disco foliar da couve. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação com o cultivo da couve em vasos para a manutenção dos pulgões dos bioensaios no laboratório da Universidade Estadual de Alagoas – UNEAL, Campus I. Após 15 dias da emergência as plântulas foram transplantadas para vasos. O delineamento estatístico para a bioatividade da M. citrifolia foi em inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (concentrações: H2O - controle, 1,0 mg/L, 2,0 mg/L, 3,0 mg/L) e cinco repetições. Os bioensaios foram realizados em placas de Petri contendo um disco foliar de couve previamente imerso no extrato vegetal e após a secagem em temperatura ambiente (24º C), foram inseridos dez pulgões em cada placa de Petri sobre a folha da couve. A avaliação foi realizada dois dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, contando-se os pulgões vivos. A ação inseticida do extrato vegetal, com a mortalidade de 93,5 % dos pulgões, foi significativa na concentração 2,0 mg/L, as demais concentrações não resultaram de forma significativa. Infere-se que a ação bioinseticida da M. citrifolia foi eficiente sobre os pulgões.

The aim of this study was to perform a phytosociological survey of the weed community present in organic and conventional vegetable growing systems conducted in Alagoas state, in Brazil. The survey was carried out from February 2014 to January 2016, within which 30 samplings were made. The evaluated parameters were given by the calculation of frequency, density, abundance, relative frequency, relative density, similarity index (SI) and importance value index (IVI) for each species. In total, 299 weed species were identified, which were grouped into 11 botanical families: Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Commelinaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Molluginaceae, Phyllantaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae and Solanaceae. The Euphorbiaceae family in conventional farming, stood out, since it showed an importance value index (IVI) more than, the Amaranthaceae family in the organic farming. In the conventional cultivation, IVI was of 91.53% for Asteraceae and 46.95% for Poaceae. Moreover, a major diversity of weed species was observed in organic cultivation, being superior to conventional one in all phytosociological parameters.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as três fases fenológicas pós-transplante, abertura da gema floral e formação de frutos dos tomateiros das variedades Santa Clara e Caline Ipa-6, também acompanhar a produtividade do tomateiro durante a fenologia das plantas nos vasos em ambiente protegido cultivado em solo orgânico, classificado como latossolo vermelho. As variedades utilizadas foram Santa Clara e IPA 6. A área da pesquisa foi na casa de vegetação da Universidade Estadual de Alagoas, em Arapiraca-AL, durante os meses de março a julho/2016. As duas variedades foram semeadas em bandejas com tubetes, e após 30 dias após a emergência – DAE, as plântulas foram transplantadas para os vasos com o solo oriundo de um cultivo orgânico com o manejo de mais de 20 anos sem adição de fertilizantes químicos. Neste experimento foi adicionado o Bioplant® como complemento de substrato de matéria orgânica. Foi regado com uma lâmina de água de 150 mm diariamente quando não havia precipitação de chuva no período. O registro dos dados foi coletado a cada semana em planilha. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos quando ao diâmetro dos frutos e a produtividade dos botões florais. Quanto a altura das duas variedades, o peso médio dos frutos e o número de frutos por planta, houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. O solo enriquecido com os macro e micronutrientes possibilita uma produtividade maior para as variedades.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of climatic variables on the population dynamics of the tomato moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) through correlations and path analysis, on the main variable in organic and conventional tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae). We studied the effects of the pheromone (used Delta traps) on insect phase sampling in two areas of agricultural with tomato cultivation in Alagoas, Northeast Brazil: latitude 09º81´76´´, longitude 36º59´42´´, during the agricultural years 2015-2017. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments with 60 replicates. In the path analysis, the main variables were adults, eggs, caterpillars and mines. Rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation were explanatory and correlated variables. In the path analysis we observed that rainfall, relative humidity, and solar radiation were the variables of greatest influence on the population dynamics with direct effects in the organic system with correlation coefficients r = 0.83, r = 0.52 and r = 0.45 respectively. The following variables showed negative correlations: wind r = -0.43, and temperature r = -0.19. In the conventional system r = 0.80, r = 0.43 and r = 0.41, for the same variables. The wind speed variable had a negative effect of r = -0.38, and the temperature had a negative effect of r = -0.13. We observed that climatic conditions are variables conditioning the development of insect infestation in the tomato crops studied.

This study aims to compare the diversity and relative abundance of insect families collected in organic and conventional tomato production systems located in Alagoas, Northeast Brazil (09°81'76"S and 36°59'42"W). In this region, the visible spectrum is quite broad with sunlight throughout the year. Between rows of tomato plants, we set up a system of colored traps colored blue, yellow, white, green, red, and transparent. The experiment was between September 2015 and January 2017. The experimental design was completely randomized with six experiments and with five replicates. The data collected were analyzed using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Analysis of the various diversity indices was made using DivEs software. A total of 56,955 insects from 25 families were collected from the organic system, and 10,660 from 22 families in the conventional system. We observed that, in the conventional system, insect diversity and relative abundance (AR) were significantly greater than those of the organic system. The averages of the indices were as follows: For the organic system: Shannon-Wiener, 2.97; Simpson, 0.79; Simpson Dominance, 0.19; Margalef, 5.13; and Pielou, 2.27, respectively. For the conventional system, the indices were 3.49; 0.86; 0.12; 6.93; and 2.56; respectively. Several families of insect orders collected in the colored traps showed significant mean values for families of pollinator insects, predators, parasitoids, and pests. This may aid in decision making for the protection of plants and other agroecosystems. The collected insects did not differ significantly in terms of diversity of families. Colored traps may be exploited for pest control and for conservation of insect.

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