BackgroundConcomitant treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and tuberculosis (TB) presents a series of challenges for treatment compliance for both providers and patients. We carried out this study to identify risk factors for default from TB treatment in people living with HIV.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study to monitor HIV/TB co-infected subjects in Pernambuco, Brazil, on a monthly basis, until completion or default of treatment for TB. Logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals and P-values.ResultsFrom a cohort of 2310 HIV subjects, 390 individuals (16.9%) who had started treatment after a diagnosis of TB were selected, and data on 273 individuals who completed or defaulted on treatment for TB were analyzed. The default rate was 21.7% and the following risk factors were identified: male gender, smoking and CD4 T-cell count less than 200 cells/mm3. Age over 29 years, complete or incomplete secondary or university education and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were identified as protective factors for the outcome.ConclusionThe results point to the need for more specific actions, aiming to reduce the default from TB treatment in males, younger adults with low education, smokers and people with CD4 T-cell counts < 200 cells/mm3. Default was less likely to occur in patients under HAART, reinforcing the strategy of early initiation of HAART in individuals with TB.
The use of HAART can prevent deaths among HIV-TB patients, corroborating the efficacy of starting HAART early in individuals with TB.
BackgroundTuberculosis is a serious public health problem worldwide. It is the leading cause of death amongst people living with HIV, and default from tuberculosis (TB) treatment in people living with HIV increases the probability of death. The aim of this study was to estimate the survival probability of people living with HIV who default treatment for TB compared to those who complete the treatment.MethodsThis was a longitudinal cohort study of people living with HIV, from June 2007 to December 2013 with two components: a retrospective (for those who started tuberculosis treatment before 2013 for whom failure (death) or censoring occurred before 2013), and prospective (those who started tuberculosis treatment at any time between 2007 and June 2013 and for whom death or censoring occurred after the beginning of 2013), at two referral hospitals for people living with HIV (Correia Picanço Hospital - HCP and at Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz – HUOC), in Recife/PE. A total of 317 patients who initiated TB treatment were studied. Default from TB treatment was defined as any patient who failed to attend their pre-booked return appointment at the health center for more than 30 consecutive days, in accordance with Brazilian Ministry of Health recommendations.ResultsFrom a cohort of 2372 people living with HIV we analyzed 317 patients who had initiated TB treatment. The incidence of death was 5.6 deaths per 100 persons per year (CI 95% 4.5 to 7.08). Independent factors associated with death: default from TB treatment 3.65 HR (95% CI 2.28 to 5.83); CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 2.39 HR (95% CI 1.44 to 3.96); extrapulmonary tuberculosis 1.56 HR (95% CI 0.93 to 2.63); smoking 2.28 HR (95% CI 1.33 to 3.89); alcohol light 0.13 HR (95% CI 0.03 to 0.56).ConclusionThe probability of death in people living with HIV who default TB treatment is approximately four times greater when compared to those who do not default from treatment.
Despite the effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), nonadherence to medication has become a major threat to its effectiveness. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported irregular use of antiretroviral therapy and the factors associated with such an irregularity in PLWHA. A cross-sectional study of PLWHA who attended two referral centers in the city of Recife, in Northeastern Brazil, between June 2007 and October 2009 was carried out. The study analyzed socioeconomic factors, social service support and personal habits associated with nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy, adjusted by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of PLWHA who reported irregular use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was 25.7%. In the final multivariate model, the irregular use of cART was associated with the following variables: being aged less than 40 years (OR = 1.66, 95%-CI: 1.29-2.13), current smokers (OR = 1.76, 95%-CI: 1.31-2.37) or former smokers (OR = 1.43, 95%-CI: 1.05-1.95), and crack cocaine users (OR = 2.79, 95%-CI: 1.24-6.32). Special measures should be directed towards each of the following groups: individuals aged less than 40 years, smokers, former smokers and crack cocaine users. Measures for giving up smoking and crack cocaine should be incorporated into HIV-control programs in order to promote greater adherence to antiretroviral drugs and thus improve the quality of life and prolong life expectancy.
Paciente com 54 anos, do sexo feminino, ex-tabagista, que após duas semanas de um resfriado comum procurou atendimento médico devido a tosse com expectoração amarela, obstrução nasal e desconforto facial. Sua radiografia do tórax mostra lesão nodular no lobo superior esquerdo compatível com nódulo pulmonar solitário. Submetida a uma toracotomia exploradora, foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de bronquiolite obliterante com pneumonia em organização (BOOP). (J Pneumol 2002;28(6):335-8) a opacificação unilateral, opacificação nodular, derrame pleural ou cavitações. A função pulmonar encontra-se com padrão restritivo, na maioria dos casos. O tratamento depende da etiologia da doença, utilizando-se a corticoterapia para os casos idiopáticos. O intuito deste relato é apresentar um caso de BOOP com manifestação de forma nodular em uma paciente ex-tabagista. APRESENTAÇÃO CLÍNICA Paciente do sexo feminino, 54 anos de idade, funcionária pública, natural e residente no Recife-PE, procurou atendimento médico queixando-se de tosse com expectoração amarela, intensa obstrução nasal e desconforto fa-INTRODUÇÃO O termo bronquiolite é uma denominação genérica para descrever várias doenças inflamatórias dos bronquíolos. A bronquiolite obliterante com pneumonia em organização (BOOP) é uma síndrome clínico-patológica caracterizada por fibrose bronquiolar e peribronquiolar com proliferação intraluminal de tecido conjuntivo que se estende para os alvéolos, levando limitação ao fluxo aéreo. A forma idiopática da doença ocorre na maioria dos casos, podendo também ser uma manifestação de colagenoses ou outras doenças. Os pacientes com esta doença se apresentam freqüentemente com tosse seca e dispnéia. O achado radiológico mais freqüente é a presença de opacificações alveolares bilaterais. Apresentações incomuns são Recebido para publicação em 17/1/01. Aprovado, após revisão, em 11/9/02.
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