We provide an example of an SDE with degenerate additive noise where synchronization depends on the strength of noise and the number of directions in which the noise acts. Here, synchronization means that the weak random attractor consists of a single random point. Indicated by a change of sign of the top Lyapunov exponent, we prove synchronization respectively no (weak) synchronization.
During the past decades, the question of existence and properties of a random attractor of a random dynamical system generated by an S(P)DE has received considerable attention, for example by the work of Gess and Röckner. Recently some authors investigated sufficient conditions which guarantee synchronization, i.e. existence of a random attractor which is a singleton. It is reasonable to conjecture that synchronization and negativity (or non-positivity) of the top Lyapunov exponent of the system should be closely related since both mean that the system is contracting in some sense. Based on classical results by Ruelle, we formulate positive results in this direction. Finally we provide two very simple but striking examples of one-dimensional monotone random dynamical systems for which 0 is a fixed point. In the first example, the Lyapunov exponent is strictly negative but nevertheless all trajectories starting outside of 0 diverge to ∞ or −∞. In particular, there is no synchronization (not even locally). In the second example (which is just the time reversal of the first), the Lyapunov exponent is strictly positive but nevertheless there is synchronization.
We provide a rather general perfection result for crude local semi-flows taking values in a Polish space showing that a crude semi-flow has a modification which is a (perfect) local semi-flow which is invariant under a suitable metric dynamical system. Such a (local) semi-flow induces a (local) random dynamical system (RDS). Then we show that this result can be applied to several classes of stochastic differential equations driven by semimartingales with stationary increments such as equations with locally monotone coefficients and equations with singular drift. For these examples it was previously unknown whether they generate a (local) RDS or not.
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